Question

1. what is the maximum amount (in grams) of nacl that can be produced from 45 grams of na and 35 grams of cl₂ according to the reaction. balance it!

_$na$ + _$cl_2$ → ___$nacl$
a. convert grams of na to moles of na using molar mass.
b. convert moles of na to moles of nacl using the coefficients in the balanced chemical reaction.
c. convert moles of nacl to grams using the molar mass.
repeat for the second reactant.
d. convert grams of cl₂ to moles of cl₂ using the molar mass.
e. convert moles of cl₂ to moles of nacl using the coefficients in the balance chemical reaction.
f. convert moles of nacl to grams using molar mass.

Explanation:

Step1: Balance the chemical reaction

$$2Na + Cl_2 ightarrow 2NaCl$$

Step2: Calculate moles of Na (part a)

Molar mass of Na = $22.99\ \text{g/mol}$
$$n_{Na} = \frac{45\ \text{g}}{22.99\ \text{g/mol}} \approx 1.957\ \text{mol}$$

Step3: Moles of NaCl from Na (part b)

Mole ratio $Na:NaCl = 2:2 = 1:1$
$$n_{NaCl(Na)} = 1.957\ \text{mol} \times \frac{2}{2} = 1.957\ \text{mol}$$

Step4: Grams of NaCl from Na (part c)

Molar mass of NaCl = $22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44\ \text{g/mol}$
$$m_{NaCl(Na)} = 1.957\ \text{mol} \times 58.44\ \text{g/mol} \approx 114.4\ \text{g}$$

Step5: Calculate moles of Cl₂ (part d)

Molar mass of $Cl_2 = 2 \times 35.45 = 70.90\ \text{g/mol}$
$$n_{Cl_2} = \frac{35\ \text{g}}{70.90\ \text{g/mol}} \approx 0.4937\ \text{mol}$$

Step6: Moles of NaCl from Cl₂ (part e)

Mole ratio $Cl_2:NaCl = 1:2$
$$n_{NaCl(Cl_2)} = 0.4937\ \text{mol} \times \frac{2}{1} = 0.9874\ \text{mol}$$

Step7: Grams of NaCl from Cl₂ (part f)

$$m_{NaCl(Cl_2)} = 0.9874\ \text{mol} \times 58.44\ \text{g/mol} \approx 57.7\ \text{g}$$

Step8: Identify limiting reactant

Cl₂ produces less NaCl, so it is the limiting reactant. The maximum NaCl produced is the smaller value.

Answer:

Balanced reaction: $\boldsymbol{2Na + Cl_2
ightarrow 2NaCl}$
a. Moles of Na: $\boldsymbol{\approx 1.96\ \text{mol}}$
b. Moles of NaCl from Na: $\boldsymbol{\approx 1.96\ \text{mol}}$
c. Grams of NaCl from Na: $\boldsymbol{\approx 114\ \text{g}}$
d. Moles of Cl₂: $\boldsymbol{\approx 0.494\ \text{mol}}$
e. Moles of NaCl from Cl₂: $\boldsymbol{\approx 0.988\ \text{mol}}$
f. Grams of NaCl from Cl₂: $\boldsymbol{\approx 57.7\ \text{g}}$
Maximum NaCl produced: $\boldsymbol{\approx 58\ \text{g}}$ (rounded to 2 significant figures)