Question

which is one event that may lead to primary succession?○ clear-cutting○ climate change○ volcanic eruption○ introduced species

Explanation:

Primary succession occurs in areas where no soil or existing biological community exists, starting from bare rock or sterile substrate. A volcanic eruption deposits new, sterile rock/ash with no prior soil or life, fitting this. Clear-cutting, climate change, and introduced species affect existing ecosystems, leading to secondary succession instead.

Answer:

volcanic eruption