Question

which particles are able to jump between materials? (protons, neutrons, or electrons) why are these particles the only ones that can jump between atoms?

Explanation:

Electrons are the particles that can jump between materials. Protons and neutrons are located in the atomic nucleus, which is held together by strong nuclear forces, making them tightly bound and unable to easily move between atoms. Electrons, however, are in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. They are less tightly bound (especially valence electrons in the outermost shell) and can be transferred or shared between atoms or materials due to electromagnetic interactions, allowing them to move between different substances.

Answer:

The particles able to jump between materials are electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus (bound by strong forces, hard to move), while electrons (in electron cloud, less tightly bound, influenced by electromagnetism) can move between atoms.