Question

1. why does the northern hemisphere experience summer when its tilted toward the sun, even though earth is farther from the sun? 2. during which positions do both hemispheres receive equal sunlight?

Explanation:

1. The tilt of the Earth's axis is the main factor for seasons. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it receives more direct sunlight and has summer, despite the Earth - Sun distance variations. Earth's orbit is slightly elliptical, and the difference in distance between the closest (perihelion) and farthest (aphelion) points is not significant enough to override the effect of the tilt on seasons.
2. During the equinoxes, the Earth's axis is not tilted towards or away from the Sun. This results in both hemispheres receiving equal amounts of sunlight as the Sun is directly above the equator.

Answer:

1. The tilt of the Earth's axis towards the Sun causes the Northern Hemisphere to receive more direct sunlight and experience summer, overriding the effect of the Earth - Sun distance.
2. During the equinoxes, both hemispheres receive equal sunlight as the Earth's axis is not tilted towards or away from the Sun and the Sun is directly above the equator.