Question

wiping out graffiti in houstoncity of houston, department of neighborhoodsfont size mediumfacts• while the cost of graffiti vandalism in the u.s. has not been definitively documented, many municipal governments, communities and property owners report that the cost is rising each year.• based on figures from a variety of cities across the country, graffiti cleanup costs tax payers $1-3 per person per year. in smaller communities, the cost is less than $1 per person. nationally, this adds up to between 300 and 900 million dollars per year.• immediate removal of graffiti — within 24 to 48 hours — is the key to successful4. how does the authors repeated use of the words \vandals\ and \vandalism\ affect the reader?○ a. it reinforces the idea that graffiti is criminal.○ b. it emphasizes the idea that some graffiti is art.○ c. it illustrates that graffiti makes a city less desirable to live in.○ d. it reveals that only certain types of graffiti pose a threat to a community.back save & next

Explanation:

The terms "vandals" and "vandalism" are legally and culturally associated with intentional, criminal damage to property. Repeating these words links graffiti directly to this criminalized framing, rather than framing it as art or a quality-of-life issue alone. Option C is a secondary effect, but the direct impact of the loaded terms is reinforcing the criminal classification. Options B and D contradict the negative framing of the words.

Answer:

A. It reinforces the idea that graffiti is criminal.