Question

1. what characterizes a closed system?

does not allow any exchange of energy or matter.
only allows exchange of matter with surroundings.
allows exchange of both energy and matter.
allows exchange of energy but not matter with surroundings.

Explanation:

To determine the characteristic of a closed system, we recall the definitions of different systems in thermodynamics:

• An isolated system does not allow exchange of energy or matter.
• A closed system allows exchange of energy (like heat or work) but not matter with the surroundings.
• An open system allows exchange of both energy and matter.

Now let's analyze each option:

• "Does not allow any exchange of energy or matter." → This is an isolated system, not closed. Eliminate.
• "Only allows exchange of matter with surroundings." → Closed systems do not allow matter exchange. Eliminate.
• "Allows exchange of both energy and matter." → This is an open system. Eliminate.
• "Allows exchange of energy but not matter with surroundings." → Matches the definition of a closed system.

Answer:

D. Allows exchange of energy but not matter with surroundings.