Question

1. atoms will emit light when

a. an electron jumps from a lower energy level to a higher energy level
b. an electron is converted to a neutron
c. an electron falls from a higher energy level to a lower energy level
d. an electron and proton combine to give a neutron

1. which electron in the diagram has the most energy and why?

a) electron a has the most energy because it is closest to the nucleus
b) electron c has the most energy because it is half the distance from the nucleus
c) electron f has the most energy because it is the farthest distance from the nucleus
d) all of the electrons have the same amount energy

1. electrons are able to absorb energy and move to an excited state. it must release the energy in the form of a(n) __________ to return to the ground state.

a) electron
b) photon
c) photoelectric effect
d) gamma ray

1. of the three orbital notations shown below, which one is violating aufbau’s principle?

a ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s 2s 2p
b ↑↓ ↑ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s 2s 2p
c ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↑ ↑↓ ↑
1s 2s 2p

1. which orbital notation is correct for aluminum?

a) ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑
1s 2s 2p
b) ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p

c) ar ↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
3d 4s 4p
d) ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s 2s 2p

Explanation:

1. When an electron falls from a higher - energy level to a lower - energy level, it emits a photon of light. This is based on the principles of quantum mechanics in atomic structure.
2. Electrons further from the nucleus have higher energy. So, the electron farthest from the nucleus has the most energy.
3. An electron in an excited state returns to the ground state by releasing energy in the form of a photon.
4. Aufbau's principle states that electrons fill lower - energy orbitals before higher - energy ones. Option B violates this as the 2s orbital is not fully filled before electrons enter the 2p orbital.
5. Aluminum has 13 electrons. Its electron - configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹. Option b represents this correct orbital notation.

Answer:

1. C
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. b