11. what does cyclops ask for his prayer to poseidon? (comprehension)
12. which outside forces and inner feelings does odysseus confront as he faces the spirits of
the dead? (conflict)
13. what does odysseus learn has happened to his mother? (comprehension) that she died
14. respond: what is your first impression of odysseus? which of his qualities do you admire?
15. (a) recall: where is odysseus home? (b) interpret: what significant role does his home
play in odysseus epic journey?
16. (a) recall: how do calypso and circe keep odysseus from reaching home? (b) interpret:
what were odysseus feelings when he was with calypso and circe?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 11:
# Brief Explanations:
In "The Odyssey", after Odysseus blinds the Cyclops Polyphemus (son of Poseidon), Polyphemus prays to Poseidon. He asks Poseidon to curse Odysseus, making his journey home long, difficult, and full of hardships, and to ensure that if Odysseus does manage to return home, he finds it in a state of turmoil and with many troubles.
# Answer:
The Cyclops (Polyphemus) asks Poseidon (his father) to curse Odysseus, making his journey home long, arduous, and fraught with hardships. He also wishes that if Odysseus does return home, he finds it in turmoil and with many troubles.

### Question 12:
# Brief Explanations:
- **Outside forces**: Odysseus confronts the spirits of the dead themselves, which are supernatural entities. The ritual he performs to summon them (following Circe's instructions) and the eerie, otherworldly environment of the underworld are also external challenges. Additionally, the rules and customs of the underworld (like needing to offer blood for the spirits to speak) are outside forces he must navigate.
- **Inner feelings**: He feels fear and awe at the sight of the underworld and the spirits. There is also sorrow, especially when he sees the spirit of his mother (before he knows she's dead) and other fallen comrades. He also experiences a sense of duty and determination to complete his quest, even as he is emotionally affected by the encounters with the dead.
# Answer:
- **Outside forces**: The spirits of the dead (supernatural entities), the ritual requirements to summon/interact with them, and the underworld's environment and rules.
- **Inner feelings**: Fear/awe of the underworld, sorrow (for fallen comrades and his mother), and a mix of duty and determination to continue his journey.

### Question 13:
# Brief Explanations:
When Odysseus visits the underworld and encounters the spirit of his mother, Anticlea, he learns that she has died of grief, waiting for his return home. She was heartbroken because she believed Odysseus was lost and would never come back.
# Answer:
Odysseus learns that his mother (Anticlea) has died of grief, mourning his supposed loss and waiting in vain for his return.

### Question 14:
# Brief Explanations:
- **First impression**: Odysseus comes across as a clever, resourceful, and brave leader. He shows strategic thinking (like how he outwits the Cyclops) and courage in facing various dangers.
- **Admirable qualities**: His intelligence (ability to solve problems and outsmart enemies), his perseverance (never giving up on his journey home despite endless hardships), and his loyalty to his homeland and crew (he is determined to get back to Ithaca and his people). His ability to adapt to different situations (like dealing with gods, monsters, and the underworld) is also admirable.
# Answer:
- **First impression**: Odysseus seems clever, resourceful, and brave, a capable leader who faces challenges with strategy.
- **Admirable qualities**: His intelligence (problem - solving, outsmarting foes), perseverance (enduring hardships to reach home), loyalty (to Ithaca and his crew), and adaptability (to various situations) are admirable.

### Question 15:
#### (a)
# Brief Explanations:
Odysseus' home is the island of Ithaca, a small island in Greece.
# Answer:
Odysseus' home is the island of Ithaca.

#### (b)
# Brief Explanations:
His home (Ithaca) plays a significant role as the ultimate goal of his epic journey. It represents his sense of belonging, his duty to his family (Penelope and Telemachus) and his kingdom. The desire to return home drives all his actions and gives meaning to his struggles. It is a symbol of normalcy, stability, and the end of his wanderings, contrasting with the chaos and danger of his journey.
# Answer:
His home (Ithaca) is the driving force of his journey. It represents his duty to his family, his kingdom, and normalcy. The longing for home gives meaning to his struggles and is the end - goal that motivates him to endure hardships. It symbolizes stability and the end of his wanderings, contrasting with the chaos of his journey.

### Question 16:
#### (a)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Calypso**: She keeps Odysseus on her island (Ogygia) by offering him immortality and a life of luxury as her lover. She is infatuated with him and does not want him to leave, using her divine powers to hold him there for seven years.
- **Circe**: She initially turns Odysseus' men into pigs (showing her power over him) and then, after being persuaded by Odysseus (with the help of a magical herb from Hermes), she keeps him and his men on her island (Aeaea) for a year. She provides them with food, shelter, and a relatively comfortable stay, which can be seen as a form of keeping them from their journey home, though she later helps him by giving advice on how to proceed.
# Answer:
- **Calypso**: She keeps Odysseus on her island (Ogygia) for seven years, offering him immortality and a life of luxury as her lover, using her divine powers to prevent his departure.
- **Circe**: She first turns his men into pigs and then keeps Odysseus and his crew on her island (Aeaea) for a year, providing them with comfort and shelter, delaying their journey home.

#### (b)
# Brief Explanations:
- **With Calypso**: Odysseus feels trapped and longs for home. While he enjoys the comfort and the offer of immortality to an extent, his heart is set on returning to Ithaca. He is conflicted between the allure of a pain - free, immortal life and his love for his homeland, family, and his desire to resume his normal life.
- **With Circe**: Initially, he is angry and determined to save his men from her spell. After she relents, he and his men stay for a year. During this time, he seems to be more at ease but still has the underlying desire to return home. He is grateful for her hospitality and advice but is also aware that he must continue his journey.
# Answer:
- **With Calypso**: Odysseus feels trapped, longs for home, and is conflicted between the allure of immortality and his desire to return to Ithaca, his family, and normal life.
- **With Circe**: Initially angry at her spell on his men, he later is more at ease but still eager to return home. He is grateful for her hospitality and advice but remains focused on his journey.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 11:

Answer:

Question 12: