Question

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1. use your knowledge of the kinetic molecular theory to explain the following statements (a) solids have a definite shape because (b) liquids and gases flow because (c) ice cubes form in the freezer because (d) ice cream melts quickly on a hot day because (e) gases do not have a definite shape because

Explanation:

(a) In solids, molecules are closely packed and have strong intermolecular forces. They vibrate around fixed positions, giving solids a definite shape.
(b) In liquids and gases, molecules have more freedom of movement as intermolecular forces are weaker. Molecules can slide past one another, allowing them to flow.
(c) In the freezer, water molecules lose kinetic energy. As temperature drops, intermolecular forces cause them to arrange in a regular pattern to form ice cubes (solid - water).
(d) On a hot day, the high - temperature surroundings transfer heat to the ice cream. This increases the kinetic energy of ice cream molecules, weakening intermolecular forces and causing it to melt quickly.
(e) Gas molecules have high kinetic energy and very weak intermolecular forces. They move freely in all directions and fill the container they are in, so gases do not have a definite shape.

Answer:

(a) Molecules are closely packed with strong forces, vibrating around fixed positions.
(b) Molecules can slide past one another due to weaker forces.
(c) Water molecules lose kinetic energy and arrange in a regular pattern.
(d) Heat from surroundings increases kinetic energy, weakening forces.
(e) High kinetic energy and weak forces allow free movement to fill container.