Question

1. the word soma means \body.\ how does this relate to the meanings of autosome and somatic cell?

2 – process of meiosis

1. after a chromosome is replicated, each half is called a ______.

Explanation:

1. For question 12: Both terms derive from "soma" (body). Autosomes are chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes, making up the "body" of the chromosome set in an organism. Somatic cells are the non-reproductive "body" cells of an organism, distinct from gametes.
2. For question 13: When a chromosome replicates, it forms two identical connected segments; each segment is defined as a chromatid.

Answer:

1. The root "soma" (body) connects to both terms: an autosome is a non-sex chromosome that forms the "body" of an organism's standard chromosome complement, while a somatic cell is a non-reproductive "body" cell (not a gamete) that makes up the tissues and organs of an organism.
2. chromatid