Question

1. could artificial selection occur without inherited variation? explain

Explanation:

Artificial selection (like breeding plants/animals for traits) relies on inherited variation. Inherited variation provides the different traits (e.g., different fur colors in dogs) that humans can choose to select for or against. Without inherited variation, all individuals would be genetically identical in traits relevant to selection, so there'd be no traits to artificially pick. So, artificial selection can't occur without inherited variation.

Answer:

No, artificial selection could not occur without inherited variation. Artificial selection (e.g., selective breeding) requires differences in traits that are heritable (inherited) among individuals. Without inherited variation, all individuals would have identical traits relevant to selection, leaving no traits for humans to choose (select) for or against to drive the process of artificial selection.