14. list 5 ways that water helps maintain homeostasis.
15. what property of water causes surface tension?
16. give an example that you observed surface tension (think penny lab).
17. define cohesion. give an example.
18. define adhesion. give an example.
19. write the dissociation equation for water (when water breaks into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions).
20. draw a ph scale.
a. on the scale, label 1 - 14.
b. label neutral.
c. label the basic side and identify the direction that is increasingly basic.
d. label the acidic side and identify the direction that is increasingly acidic.
e. label and put them on the scale appropriate place strong acids.
f. label and put them on the scale appropriate place strong bases.
21. describe a buffer using your own words. why are they important to all living things?

Question

14. list 5 ways that water helps maintain homeostasis.
15. what property of water causes surface tension?
16. give an example that you observed surface tension (think penny lab).
17. define cohesion. give an example.
18. define adhesion. give an example.
19. write the dissociation equation for water (when water breaks into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions).
20. draw a ph scale.
  a. on the scale, label 1 - 14.
  b. label neutral.
  c. label the basic side and identify the direction that is increasingly basic.
  d. label the acidic side and identify the direction that is increasingly acidic.
  e. label and put them on the scale appropriate place strong acids.
  f. label and put them on the scale appropriate place strong bases.
21. describe a buffer using your own words. why are they important to all living things?

Accepted Answer

14. **Answer - Explanation Format**
# Brief Explanations:
Water helps maintain homeostasis in several ways. It regulates body temperature through sweating (evaporative cooling), acts as a solvent for transporting nutrients and waste in the body, participates in chemical reactions, lubricates joints and tissues, and helps maintain blood volume and pressure.
# Answer:
1. Regulates body temperature through sweating.
2. Acts as a solvent for nutrient - waste transport.
3. Participates in chemical reactions.
4. Lubricates joints and tissues.
5. Maintains blood volume and pressure.

15. **Answer - Explanation Format**
# Brief Explanations:
The property of water that causes surface tension is cohesion. Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding. This allows water to form a 'skin' on its surface, which can support small objects like insects.
# Answer:
Cohesion

16. **Answer - Explanation Format**
# Brief Explanations:
An example of surface tension observed in a penny lab could be the ability to stack a large number of water droplets on the surface of a penny without the water spilling over immediately. The water molecules at the surface are attracted to each other, creating a dome - like shape.
# Answer:
Ability to stack many water droplets on a penny without immediate spillage.

17. **Answer - Explanation Format**
# Brief Explanations:
Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance. In water, hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, causing them to stick together. This is important for processes like the movement of water in plants (capillary action) and the formation of water droplets.
# Answer:
Attraction between molecules of the same substance (e.g., water - water attraction due to hydrogen bonds).

18. **Answer - Explanation Format**
# Brief Explanations:
Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances. For example, water adhering to the walls of a glass tube causes the water to rise in the tube (capillary action). Another example is water sticking to the surface of a plant leaf.
# Answer:
Attraction between molecules of different substances (e.g., water - glass or water - plant leaf attraction).

19. **Step - by - Step Format**
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall water dissociation
Water dissociates into hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and hydroxide ions ($OH^-$).
$H_2O
ightleftharpoons H^++OH^-$
# Answer:
$H_2O
ightleftharpoons H^++OH^-$

20. **Answer - Explanation Format**
# Brief Explanations:
a. On the pH scale, neutral is 7.
b. The direction that is increasingly acidic is from 7 towards 0.
c. Label the basic side: 7 - 14.
d. Label the acidic side: 0 - 7.
e. Strong acids are typically around 0 - 2 on the pH scale.
f. Strong bases are typically around 12 - 14 on the pH scale.
# Answer:
a. Neutral: 7
b. Increasingly acidic direction: From 7 to 0
c. Basic side: 7 - 14
d. Acidic side: 0 - 7
e. Strong acids: 0 - 2
f. Strong bases: 12 - 14

21. **Answer - Explanation Format**
# Brief Explanations:
A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. In living things, buffers are important because they help maintain a stable internal pH environment. For example, in the human body, the bicarbonate - carbonic acid buffer system helps keep the blood pH around 7.4. If the pH of the blood were to change significantly, it could disrupt many biochemical reactions and physiological processes.
# Answer:
A buffer is a solution that resists pH changes. In living things, it maintains a stable internal pH for proper biochemical and physiological function.

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