Question

1. trna function is to:

a. carry amino acids to ribosome
b. code for dna
c. bind dna to ribosome
d. regulate translation

1. nondisjunction causes:

a. genetic variation affecting traits
b. mutations
c. variation not replicated
d. no trait effect

1. mutation in gamete during meiosis:

a. inherited
b. not inherited
c. only somatic mutations inherited
d. meiosis copies exact dna

1. after meiosis i and ii:

a. one diploid → two haploid → four haploid
b. no change in chromosome count
c. haploid → diploid cells
d. one haploid remains haploid

1. difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a. both produce diploid cells
b. mitosis produces diploid, meiosis produces haploid
c. meiosis creates identical offspring
d. both reduce chromosome number

1. types of mutations include substitution, insertion, deletion.

a. substitution swaps one base
b. insertion removes bases
c. deletion adds bases
d. inversion transposes

1. what happens in frameshift mutation?

a. shift reading frame, changes amino acid sequence
b. base pair substituted
c. protein unchanged
d. mitosis error

Explanation:

1. tRNA (transfer - RNA) is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
2. Nondisjunction during cell division can cause genetic variations that affect traits, such as aneuploidy.
3. Mutations in gametes during meiosis are inherited because gametes are involved in sexual reproduction and pass genetic material to offspring.
4. After meiosis I and II, one diploid cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four haploid cells.
5. Mitosis produces diploid cells (identical to the parent cell), while meiosis produces haploid cells for sexual reproduction.
6. In substitution mutation, one base is swapped for another. Insertion adds bases and deletion removes bases.
7. In a frameshift mutation, the reading frame of the genetic code shifts, changing the amino - acid sequence.

Answer:

1. A. Carry amino acids to ribosome
2. A. Genetic variation affecting traits
3. A. Inherited
4. A. One diploid → two haploid → four haploid
5. B. Mitosis produces diploid, meiosis produces haploid
6. A. Substitution swaps one base
7. A. Shift reading frame, changes amino acid sequence