Question

1. bill once had a blue car that was in the shop more than it was out. since then he will not even consider owning blue - or green - colored cars. bills aversion to green cars is an example of:

a) discrimination.
b) generalization.
c) latent learning.
d) extinction.

1. in order to obtain a reward a monkey learns to press a lever when a 1000 - hz tone is on but not when a 1200 - hz tone is on. what kind of training is this?

a) extinction
b) generalization
c) classical conditioning
d) discrimination

1. classical conditioning experiments by rescorla and wagner demonstrate that an important factor in conditioning is:

a) the subjects age.
b) the strength of the stimuli.
c) the predictability of an association.
d) the similarity of stimuli.

1. in garcia and koellings studies of taste - aversion learning, rats learned to associate:

a) taste with electric shock.
b) sights and sounds with sickness.
c) taste with sickness.
d) taste and sounds with electric shock.

1. experiments on taste - aversion learning demonstrate that:

a) for the conditioning of certain stimuli, the us need not immediately follow
b) any perceivable stimulus can become a cs.
c) all animals are biologically primed to associate illness with the taste of
d) all of the above are true.

Explanation:

1. Bill had a negative experience with a blue - car and generalized his aversion to green cars too. Generalization is when a response learned for one stimulus is applied to other similar stimuli.
2. The monkey learns to respond (press the lever) to one stimulus (1000 - Hz tone) and not to a similar one (1200 - Hz tone), which is discrimination. Discrimination is the ability to differentiate between stimuli.
3. Rescorla and Wagner's experiments showed that the predictability of an association is an important factor in classical conditioning. If a stimulus reliably predicts an outcome, conditioning is more likely to occur.
4. In Garcia and Koelling's taste - aversion learning studies, rats learned to associate taste with sickness. This is a natural biological response to avoid substances that make them ill.
5. Taste - aversion learning experiments demonstrate that for the conditioning of certain stimuli, the unconditioned stimulus (US) need not immediately follow, any perceivable stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus (CS), and animals are biologically primed to associate illness with taste.

Answer:

1. B. generalization
2. D. discrimination
3. C. the predictability of an association
4. C. taste with sickness
5. D. all of the above are true