16. define state of nature
17. who was john locke?
18. what are the 3 natural rights?
a. life
b. liberty
c. property
19. define consent of the governed.
short answer questions:
1. why do you think the founding fathers wanted to build a government that was based on the consent of the governed?
2. give 2 examples of how the us government currently fulfills the purposes listed in the preamble to the constitution.

Question

16. define state of nature
17. who was john locke?
18. what are the 3 natural rights?
   a. life
   b. liberty
   c. property
19. define consent of the governed.
short answer questions:
1. why do you think the founding fathers wanted to build a government that was based on the consent of the governed?
2. give 2 examples of how the us government currently fulfills the purposes listed in the preamble to the constitution.

Accepted Answer

### Question 16: Define State of Nature
# Brief Explanations:
The "State of Nature" is a philosophical and political concept (often associated with thinkers like John Locke, Thomas Hobbes). In this state, there is no established government or laws. Individuals exist in a condition where they have natural freedoms and can act as they see fit, but also face uncertainties (like conflict due to lack of order). Locke viewed it as a state of perfect freedom and equality, where people have natural rights but may form a government to better secure those rights.
# Answer:
A theoretical condition where individuals exist without a formal government, laws, or social order; they have natural freedoms and rights but may face challenges like insecurity (interpretation based on political philosophy, e.g., Locke’s view: a state of perfect freedom, equality, and natural rights, leading people to form government to secure rights).

### Question 17: Who was John Locke?
# Brief Explanations:
John Locke was an English philosopher and political theorist. He is a key figure in the Enlightenment, known for his ideas on natural rights (life, liberty, property), the social contract (consent of the governed), and the idea that government’s purpose is to protect rights. His work influenced the American Revolution and the founding of the US (e.g., ideas in the Declaration of Independence).
# Answer:
John Locke was an English Enlightenment philosopher and political theorist; known for ideas on natural rights (life, liberty, property), social contract (consent of the governed), and government’s role in protecting rights, influencing the US founding and political philosophy.

### Question 18: What are the 3 Natural Rights?
# Brief Explanations:
From John Locke’s theory, natural rights are inherent rights people have in the state of nature (and retain in society). The three are: Life (the right to exist and be secure in one’s life), Liberty (the right to act freely within reason, without unjust restraint), and Property (the right to own or control one’s possessions, including one’s own labor/self).
# Answer:
The three natural rights (from Locke’s theory) are:
a. Life (right to exist, be secure in one’s life)
b. Liberty (right to act freely without unjust restraint)
c. Property (right to own/control possessions, including one’s labor/self)

### Question 19: Define Consent of the Governed
# Brief Explanations:
“Consent of the Governed” is a political principle (part of the social contract theory, e.g., Locke). It means a government’s authority is legitimate only if it is based on the voluntary agreement (consent) of the people it governs. People agree to follow laws and be governed in exchange for the government protecting their rights.
# Answer:
A political principle (social contract theory) where a government’s authority is legitimate only if it is based on the voluntary agreement (consent) of the people; people agree to be governed (follow laws) in exchange for the government protecting their rights.

### Short Answer Question 1: Why do you think the founding fathers wanted to build a government that was based on the consent of the governed?
# Brief Explanations:
The founding fathers (influenced by Locke, Enlightenment) wanted to avoid tyranny (like British rule they rebelled against). Consent of the governed ensures government’s legitimacy—if people agree to be governed, they are more likely to respect laws, and the government exists to protect their natural rights (life, liberty, property). It reflects the idea that power comes from the people, not a monarch, promoting democracy, freedom, and accountability (so government serves the people, not the other way around).
# Answer:
The founding fathers wanted a government based on consent of the governed to: 1) Avoid tyranny (rejecting British monarchical rule); 2) Ensure legitimacy (government’s authority comes from the people, so people respect laws); 3) Protect natural rights (life, liberty, property) by having a government the people agree to, which is accountable to them; 4) Reflect Enlightenment ideals (Locke’s social contract) and establish a democratic, people - centered system.

### Short Answer Question 2: Give 2 examples of how the US government currently fulfills the purposes listed in the Preamble to the Constitution (note: Preamble purposes include “establish justice,” “ensure domestic tranquility,” “provide for the common defense,” “promote the general welfare,” “secure the blessings of liberty”).
# Brief Explanations:
1. **Establish Justice**: The judicial system (courts, Supreme Court) interprets laws, resolves disputes, and ensures equal application of the law (e.g., civil rights cases, criminal justice reform efforts to address inequality).
2. **Provide for the Common Defense**: The Department of Defense, military (Army, Navy, Air Force, etc.) protects the US from external threats (e.g., countering terrorism, defending against foreign aggression).
(Alternate: “Ensure Domestic Tranquility”: Local police, FBI, and laws maintain order (e.g., responding to crime, disaster relief to stabilize communities); “Promote the General Welfare”: Social Security, Medicaid/Medicare, public education—programs that support citizens’ well - being.)
# Answer:
1. **Establish Justice**: The US judicial system (e.g., federal courts, Supreme Court) interprets laws, resolves legal disputes, and works to ensure equal application of the law (e.g., ruling on civil rights cases to address discrimination).
2. **Provide for the Common Defense**: The Department of Defense and the US military (Army, Navy, etc.) protect the nation from external threats (e.g., conducting counter - terrorism operations, defending against foreign military aggression).

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Explanation:

Question 16: Define State of Nature

Answer:

Question 17: Who was John Locke?