Question

1. to obtain participants to complete a survey about study habits, researchers post flyers around a college campus. the flyers display a qr code that students can scan if they want to take part in the study. does this describe what we would consider to be a sampling error, or does it describe what we would consider to be a nonsampling error? please explain.

Explanation:

1. Define Sampling Error: Sampling error arises from the inherent variability when selecting a sample from a population, due to chance (e.g., random sampling fluctuations).
2. Define Nonsampling Error: Nonsampling error stems from factors other than sampling, such as bias in data collection, non - response, or flaws in survey design.
3. Analyze the Scenario: In this case, students self - select to participate (only those who see the flyer and want to take part respond). This introduces non - response bias (or selection bias) because the sample is not randomly selected—only volunteers participate. Since this error is not due to the sampling process itself (e.g., random selection), it is a nonsampling error.

Answer:

This describes a nonsampling error. Sampling error is due to chance in sample selection, while this error comes from self - selection (volunteer bias, a form of non - response or selection bias), which is a flaw in data collection/design (not sampling variability).