Question

1. how do the isotopes hydrogen - 1 and hydrogen - 2 differ?

a. hydrogen - 1 has one more electrons than hydrogen - 2
c. hydrogen - 2 has two protons, hydrogen - 1 has one
b. hydrogen - 2 has one neutron, hydrogen - 1 has none
d. hydrogen - 2 has one proton, hydrogen - 1 has none

1. isotopes of one element have different

a. mass numbers
c. number of electrons
b. positions on the periodic table
d. atomic numbers

1. what particle is needed to complete - the following nuclear equation?

$_{25}^{52}mn
ightarrow _{+1}^{0}e +$
a. $_{22}^{-2}co$
c. $_{26}^{52}fe$
b. $_{25}^{52}mn$
d. $_{24}^{52}cr$

1. the experiment with gold foil by ___ led to the theory that the atom is a sphere mostly empty space, with a positively charged nucleus with electrons around it.

a. dalton
c. thomson
b. chadwick
d. rutherford

1. how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in a $s^{2 - }$ ion?

a. 16, 17, 18
c. 16, 16, 16
b. 16, 16, 18
d. 16, 17, 14

1. how many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number 125 contain?

a. 75 electrons, 50 protons, 75 neutrons
c. 120 neutrons, 50 protons, 75 electrons
b. 75 protons, 50 electrons, 50 neutrons
d. 70 neutrons, 75 protons, 50 electrons

1. j.j. thomsons model of the atom was called the

a. planetary model
c. nuclear atom
b. cloud model
d. plum pudding model

1. how many protons are in a neutral atom of nitrogen - 15?

a. 15
c. 8
b. 7
d. 14

Explanation:

Step-by-Step Format

Step1: Analyze isotopes of hydrogen

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Hydrogen - 1 has 1 proton and 0 neutrons, hydrogen - 2 has 1 proton and 1 neutron. So the answer to question 17 is b.

Step2: Understand the nature of isotopes

Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different mass numbers (due to different numbers of neutrons). So the answer to question 18 is a.

Step3: Balance the nuclear equation

In a nuclear equation, the sum of atomic numbers and mass numbers on both sides must be equal. For the equation \(_{25}^{55}Mn
ightarrow _{1}^{0}e + X\), the atomic number of the unknown particle is \(25- 1=24\) and the mass number is \(55 - 0=55\), which corresponds to \(_{24}^{55}Cr\). So the answer to question 19 is d.

Step4: Recall the gold - foil experiment

Rutherford's gold - foil experiment led to the theory that the atom is a sphere mostly empty space with a positively charged nucleus with electrons around it. So the answer to question 20 is d.

Step5: Analyze the \(S^{2 -}\) ion

For sulfur (\(S\)), atomic number \(Z = 16\), mass number \(A\approx32\). In a \(S^{2 -}\) ion, the number of protons is 16, the number of neutrons is \(A - Z=32 - 16 = 16\), and the number of electrons is \(16 + 2=18\). So the answer to question 21 is a.

Step6: Determine sub - atomic particles for an atom

Given atomic number \(Z = 50\) and mass number \(A = 125\), the number of protons is 50, the number of neutrons is \(A - Z=125 - 50 = 75\), and for a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, which is 50. So the answer to question 22 is b.

Step7: Recall Thomson's atomic model

J.J. Thomson's model of the atom was called the plum - pudding model. So the answer to question 23 is d.

Step8: Find the number of protons in nitrogen

For nitrogen (\(N\)), atomic number \(Z = 7\), so the number of protons in a neutral atom of nitrogen - 15 is 7. So the answer to question 24 is b.

Answer:

1. b. Hydrogen - 2 has one neutron, hydrogen - 1 has none
2. a. mass numbers
3. d. \(_{24}^{55}Cr\)
4. d. Rutherford
5. a. 16, 16, 18
6. b. 50 protons, 50 electrons, 75 neutrons
7. d. Plum pudding model
8. b. 7