Question

1. compare these rules with the rules discussed in class. what is similar? what is different?

set a: 105 cm, 0.402 g, 4003.7 ml, 10.0 s
set b: 6300 ml, 400 m, 0.004 g, 0.097 kg
set c: 30.40 m, 1.620 s, 0.0400 l
set d: 589 s, 45 kg, 5.68 g, 0.452 l
set e: 1 dozen = 12, 1 m = 100 cm, 22 students on a bus

Explanation:

Step1: Identify significant - figures concept

Significant - figures are the meaningful digits in a measured or calculated quantity.

Step2: Analyze Set A

105 cm has 3 significant - figures, 0.402 g has 3 significant - figures, 4003.7 mL has 5 significant - figures, 10.0 s has 3 significant - figures. These values have non - zero digits and zeros in appropriate positions (between non - zero digits or trailing zeros after a decimal point) contributing to significant figures.

Step3: Analyze Set B

6300 mL: If no decimal point is present, the trailing zeros may or may not be significant. 400 m: Similar ambiguity. 0.004 g has 1 significant - figure (leading zeros are not significant), 0.097 kg has 2 significant - figures.

Step4: Analyze Set C

30.40 m has 4 significant - figures, 1.620 s has 4 significant - figures, 0.0400 L has 3 significant - figures. Trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant.

Step5: Analyze Set D

589 s has 3 significant - figures, 45 kg has 2 significant - figures, 5.68 g has 3 significant - figures, 0.452 L has 3 significant - figures.

Step6: Analyze Set E

1 dozen = 12 is an exact number (infinite significant - figures), 1 m = 100 cm is an exact conversion factor (infinite significant - figures), 22 students on a bus is an exact count (infinite significant - figures).

Similarities: All sets deal with numerical values representing physical quantities or counts. In sets A, C, and D, the values follow the general rules of significant - figures for measured quantities.
Differences: Sets B have values with ambiguous significant - figures due to trailing zeros without a decimal point. Set E consists of exact numbers which have a different treatment regarding significant - figures (infinite significant - figures) compared to measured values in other sets.

Answer:

Similarities: All involve numerical values representing quantities. Measured values in A, C, D follow significant - figure rules. Differences: B has values with ambiguous significant - figures. E has exact numbers with infinite significant - figures.