Question

19 according to locke, what were people molded by?
20 according to newton the world was like a giant machine operating according to what?
21 what were the intellectuals of the enlightenment called?
22 according to the philosophes, what was the role of philosophy?
23 what social classes did the philosophes belong to?
24 what was montesquieus most lasting contribution to political thought?
25 what did he mean by separation of powers?
26 what was voltaire known for?
27 what is deism?
28 what was diderots most famous contribution to the enlightenment?

Explanation:

1. According to Locke, people were molded by their experiences and environment, as he believed in the tabula - rasa or blank - slate theory.
2. Newton thought the world was like a giant machine operating according to natural laws, such as the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
3. The intellectuals of the Enlightenment were called philosophes.
4. Philosophers saw the role of philosophy as using reason to understand and improve society, challenge traditional beliefs, and promote progress.
5. The philosophes came from various social classes, but often included the bourgeoisie and some from the nobility who were open - minded.
6. Montesquieu's most lasting contribution to political thought was the concept of separation of powers.
7. Separation of powers means dividing the functions of government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent the abuse of power.
8. Voltaire was known for his criticism of the Catholic Church, his advocacy of freedom of speech and religion, and his satirical works.
9. Deism is the belief in a God who created the universe but then does not intervene in its day - to - day operations, relying on natural laws.
10. Diderot's most famous contribution to the Enlightenment was editing and publishing the Encyclopédie, which aimed to collect and spread knowledge.

Answer:

1. Their experiences and environment.
2. Natural laws.
3. Philosophes.
4. Using reason to understand and improve society, challenge traditional beliefs, and promote progress.
5. Various social classes, often including the bourgeoisie and some open - minded nobility.
6. The concept of separation of powers.
7. Dividing the functions of government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent the abuse of power.
8. Criticism of the Catholic Church, advocacy of freedom of speech and religion, and satirical works.
9. The belief in a God who created the universe but then does not intervene in its day - to - day operations, relying on natural laws.
10. Editing and publishing the Encyclopédie to collect and spread knowledge.