Question

19 what happens to glucose during glycolysis? a it is stored in the mitochondria for later use. b it combines with oxygen to produce energy. c it is broken down into pyruvate and atp. d it is converted into water and carbon dioxide. 20 what is endocytosis? a the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. b the release of substances from the cell. c the process of the cell membrane engulfing external material to form a vesicle. d the passive transport of ions across the cell membrane. 21 what function do vacuoles serve in plant cells? a breaking down cellular waste. b storing water, nutrients, and waste. c generating atp. d synthesizing proteins. 22 which protein type is specifically involved in facilitated diffusion? a aquaporins. b channel proteins. c atp synthase. d enzymes. 23 how does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity? a by ensuring all offspring are genetically identical. b by producing identical copies of cells. c through independent assortment and crossing - over. d by reducing the number of chromosomes. 24 what is the primary difference between passive and active transport? a active transport only occurs in plant cells, while passive transport occurs in all cells. b passive transport does not require energy while active transport does. c active transport does not require energy while passive transport does. d passive transport moves molecules from low to high concentration, while active transport does the opposite. 25 in homeostatic mechanisms, what typically happens when the bodys temperature drops too low? a the heart rate decreases to slow down blood circulation. b skeletal muscles relax to conserve heat. c cells increase activity to generate energy and shivering may occur to generate heat. d the body releases sweating to cool down.

Explanation:

1. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate and a small amount of ATP is produced. Option c is correct as it describes this key process.
2. Endocytosis is the process by which the cell membrane engulfs external material to form a vesicle. Option c is the correct definition.
3. In plant cells, vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste. Option b is the correct function.
4. Channel proteins are specifically involved in facilitated diffusion, allowing molecules to pass through the cell - membrane down their concentration gradient. Option b is correct.
5. Meiosis contributes to genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing - over. Option c is correct.
6. The primary difference between passive and active transport is that passive transport does not require energy while active transport does. Option b is correct.
7. In hypothermia, when the body's temperature drops too low, shivering occurs as skeletal muscles shake to generate heat. Option b is correct.

Answer:

1. c. It is broken down into pyruvates and ATP
2. c. The process of the cell membrane engulfing external material to form a vesicle
3. b. Storing water, nutrients, and waste
4. b. Channel proteins
5. c. Through independent assortment and crossing - over
6. b. Passive transport does not require energy while active transport does
7. b. Skeletal muscles shake to generate heat