Question

2-5 temperature scales

	fahrenheit	celsius	kelvin
freezing point of water
boiling point of water
absolute zero - all atomic motion stops
useful for
symbol

Explanation:

To fill the table about temperature scales (Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin), we use the known values for each scale:

Step 1: Freezing Point of Water

• Fahrenheit: \( 32^\circ \text{F} \) (by definition, water freezes at 32°F)
• Celsius: \( 0^\circ \text{C} \) (standard freezing point of water in Celsius)
• Kelvin: \( 273.15 \text{ K} \) (since \( \text{K} = ^\circ\text{C} + 273.15 \), so \( 0 + 273.15 = 273.15 \text{ K} \))

Step 2: Boiling Point of Water

• Fahrenheit: \( 212^\circ \text{F} \) (water boils at 212°F at standard pressure)
• Celsius: \( 100^\circ \text{C} \) (standard boiling point of water in Celsius)
• Kelvin: \( 373.15 \text{ K} \) (using \( \text{K} = ^\circ\text{C} + 273.15 \), so \( 100 + 273.15 = 373.15 \text{ K} \))

Step 3: Absolute Zero

• Fahrenheit: \( -459.67^\circ \text{F} \) (conversion: \( ^\circ\text{F} = \frac{9}{5}^\circ\text{C} + 32 \), and absolute zero in Celsius is \( -273.15^\circ \text{C} \), so \( \frac{9}{5}(-273.15) + 32 = -459.67^\circ \text{F} \))
• Celsius: \( -273.15^\circ \text{C} \) (absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, defined as -273.15°C)
• Kelvin: \( 0 \text{ K} \) (absolute zero is 0 Kelvin by definition)

Step 4: Useful For

• Fahrenheit: Everyday temperature measurement (e.g., weather in the US)
• Celsius: Scientific and everyday use (most countries, metric system)
• Kelvin: Scientific work (especially thermodynamics, where absolute zero is 0)

Step 5: Symbol

• Fahrenheit: \( ^\circ \text{F} \)
• Celsius: \( ^\circ \text{C} \)
• Kelvin: \( \text{K} \) (no degree symbol, as it's an absolute scale)

	Fahrenheit	Celsius	Kelvin
Boiling Point of Water	\( 212^\circ \text{F} \)	\( 100^\circ \text{C} \)	\( 373.15 \text{ K} \)
Absolute Zero	\( -459.67^\circ \text{F} \)	\( -273.15^\circ \text{C} \)	\( 0 \text{ K} \)
Useful for	Everyday (US)	Science/Everyday (metric)	Science (thermodynamics)
Symbol	\( ^\circ \text{F} \)	\( ^\circ \text{C} \)	\( \text{K} \)

Answer:

To fill the table about temperature scales (Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin), we use the known values for each scale:

Step 1: Freezing Point of Water

• Fahrenheit: \( 32^\circ \text{F} \) (by definition, water freezes at 32°F)
• Celsius: \( 0^\circ \text{C} \) (standard freezing point of water in Celsius)
• Kelvin: \( 273.15 \text{ K} \) (since \( \text{K} = ^\circ\text{C} + 273.15 \), so \( 0 + 273.15 = 273.15 \text{ K} \))

Step 2: Boiling Point of Water

• Fahrenheit: \( 212^\circ \text{F} \) (water boils at 212°F at standard pressure)
• Celsius: \( 100^\circ \text{C} \) (standard boiling point of water in Celsius)
• Kelvin: \( 373.15 \text{ K} \) (using \( \text{K} = ^\circ\text{C} + 273.15 \), so \( 100 + 273.15 = 373.15 \text{ K} \))

Step 3: Absolute Zero

• Fahrenheit: \( -459.67^\circ \text{F} \) (conversion: \( ^\circ\text{F} = \frac{9}{5}^\circ\text{C} + 32 \), and absolute zero in Celsius is \( -273.15^\circ \text{C} \), so \( \frac{9}{5}(-273.15) + 32 = -459.67^\circ \text{F} \))
• Celsius: \( -273.15^\circ \text{C} \) (absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, defined as -273.15°C)
• Kelvin: \( 0 \text{ K} \) (absolute zero is 0 Kelvin by definition)

Step 4: Useful For

• Fahrenheit: Everyday temperature measurement (e.g., weather in the US)
• Celsius: Scientific and everyday use (most countries, metric system)
• Kelvin: Scientific work (especially thermodynamics, where absolute zero is 0)

Step 5: Symbol

• Fahrenheit: \( ^\circ \text{F} \)
• Celsius: \( ^\circ \text{C} \)
• Kelvin: \( \text{K} \) (no degree symbol, as it's an absolute scale)

	Fahrenheit	Celsius	Kelvin
Boiling Point of Water	\( 212^\circ \text{F} \)	\( 100^\circ \text{C} \)	\( 373.15 \text{ K} \)
Absolute Zero	\( -459.67^\circ \text{F} \)	\( -273.15^\circ \text{C} \)	\( 0 \text{ K} \)
Useful for	Everyday (US)	Science/Everyday (metric)	Science (thermodynamics)
Symbol	\( ^\circ \text{F} \)	\( ^\circ \text{C} \)	\( \text{K} \)