Question

1. a third variable (confounding variable) is:

a. the dependent variable
b. a manipulated variable
c. an uncontrolled factor that may influence results
d. a placebo treatment

1. using an experimental research design, researchers manipulate the ____ variable and measure the ____ variable.

a. dependent, independent
b. dependent, correlational
c. independent, dependent
d. independent, correlational

1. dr. mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in - depth knowledge about their behaviors. these studies would best be described as ______.

a. case studies
b. correlational
c. cross - sectional
d. surveys

1. ______ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

a. archival research
b. case studies
c. surveys
d. university experiments

1. a group of preschool - age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. this is an example of a(n) ______ design.

a. cross sectional
b. experimental
c. longitudinal
d. survey

1. what kind of research is saanvi conducting if she tracks six groups of participants, each group a different age, over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months?

a. correlational
b. sequential
c. cross - sectional
d. longitudinal

1. which of the following research designs will allow cause - and - effect conclusions?

a. correlational studies
b. experimental
c. quasi - experimental
d. archival research

Explanation:

1. A confounding variable is an uncontrolled factor that skews results by affecting both independent and dependent variables.
2. In experimental design, researchers intentionally change the independent variable and observe/measure the resulting changes in the dependent variable.
3. Case studies involve in-depth, individual analysis of participants to understand specific conditions or behaviors.
4. Surveys are a research method that can easily reach large participant groups via phone, email, mail, or other remote methods.
5. Longitudinal designs follow the same group of participants over an extended period to track changes or predict outcomes.
6. Sequential research combines cross-sectional (multiple age groups) and longitudinal (long-term tracking) elements by following different age groups over time.
7. Only experimental designs, with controlled manipulation of variables and random assignment, can establish definitive cause-and-effect relationships.

Answer:

1. C. An uncontrolled factor that may influence results
2. C. independent, dependent
3. A. case studies
4. C. surveys
5. C. longitudinal
6. B. sequential
7. B. experimental