Question

1. fossil fuels formed primarily from: a. volcanic rock b. dead plants and animals c. crystals d. igneous minerals 25. which gas is most responsible for the greenhouse effect? a. nitrogen b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. argon 26. the theory of plate tectonics explains: a. the sun’s energy b. earth’s magnetic field c. earthquakes and volcanoes d. photosynthesis 27. which cycle involves evaporation, condensation, and precipitation? a. carbon cycle b. nitrogen cycle c. water cycle d. rock cycle 28. stars produce energy through: a. nuclear fission b. nuclear fusion c. chemical reactions d. combustion 29. a lunar eclipse occurs when: a. the moon passes between earth and the sun b. earth passes between the sun and the moon c. the sun passes between earth and the moon d. the moon casts its shadow on the sun 30. earth’s age is approximately: a. 4.6 million years b. 4.6 billion years c. 460 million years d. 460 thousand years crosscutting concepts & scientific practices 31. the repeating pattern of dna’s double helix relates to which ngss crosscutting concept? a. scale b. structure and function c. patterns d. energy and matter 32. a system is defined as: a. something random b. interacting parts working together c. a single isolated object d. a cause without effect 33. an ecosystem maintaining balance after a disturbance shows: a. scale b. stability and change c. energy and matter d. structure only 34. a heart’s muscular structure allows it to pump blood. this is an example of: a. cause and effect b. structure and function c. patterns only d. scale and proportion 35. which best illustrates energy transfer in earth systems? a. tectonic plate movement b. heat transfer from the sun warming earth’s surface c. photosynthesis storing glucose d. all of the above 36. measuring atoms in nanometers demonstrates: a. stability b. scale and proportion c. structure and function d. cause and effect

Explanation:

1. Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of dead plants and animals over long - term geological processes.
2. Carbon dioxide is the gas most responsible for the greenhouse effect as it traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
3. The theory of plate tectonics explains the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates which causes earthquakes and volcanoes at plate boundaries.
4. The water cycle involves evaporation of water into the atmosphere, condensation to form clouds, and precipitation back to the Earth's surface.
5. Stars produce energy through nuclear fusion, where hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing a large amount of energy.
6. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the Sun's light from reaching the Moon.
7. Earth's age is approximately 4.6 billion years, determined through radiometric dating of rocks.
8. The repeating pattern of DNA's double helix relates to the concept of patterns in NGSS cross - cutting concepts.
9. A system is defined as interacting parts working together.
10. An ecosystem maintaining balance after a disturbance shows stability and change.
11. A heart's muscular structure allowing it to pump blood is an example of structure and function.
12. Tectonic plate movement, heat transfer from the Sun, and photosynthesis all involve energy transfer in Earth systems.
13. Measuring atoms in nanometers demonstrates scale and proportion.

Answer:

1. B. Dead plants and animals
2. C. Carbon dioxide
3. C. Earthquakes and volcanoes
4. C. Water cycle
5. B. Nuclear fusion
6. B. Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon
7. B. 4.6 billion years
8. C. Patterns
9. B. Interacting parts working together
10. B. Stability and change
11. B. Structure and function
12. D. All of the above
13. B. Scale and proportion