Question

1. you teach your dog to fetch the paper by giving him a cookie each time he does so. this is an example of: a) operant conditioning. b) classical conditioning. c) conditioned reinforcement. d) partial reinforcement. 27. the type of learning associated with skinner is: a) classical conditioning. b) operant conditioning. c) respondent conditioning. d) observational learning. 28. operant conditioning is to ____ as classical conditioning is to __. a) pavlov; watson b) skinner; bandura c) pavlov; skinner d) skinner; pavlov 29. shaping is a(n) __ technique for ____ a behavior. a) operant; establishing b) operant; suppressing c) respondent; establishing d) respondent; suppressing 30. which of the following is an example of shaping? a) a dog learns to salivate at the sight of a box of dog biscuits. b) a new driver learns to stop at an intersection when the light changes to red. c) a parrot is rewarded first for making any sound, then for making a sound similar to “laura,” and then for “speaking” its owners name. d) a psychology student reinforces a laboratory rat only occasionally, to make its behavior more resistant to extinction. 31. a response that leads to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus is one being: a) positively reinforced. b) negatively reinforced. c) punished. d) extinguished.

Explanation:

• Question 26: Operant conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments. Giving a cookie for fetching the paper is a reward - based learning, which is operant conditioning.
• Question 27: B.F. Skinner is associated with operant conditioning, which focuses on how behavior is influenced by its consequences.
• Question 28: Operant conditioning is associated with Skinner, and classical conditioning is associated with Pavlov.
• Question 29: Shaping is an operant - conditioning technique used to establish a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.
• Question 30: Shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior. A parrot being rewarded step - by - step for making sounds closer to a specific word is an example of this.
• Question 31: Negative reinforcement is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.

Answer:

1. A. operant conditioning
2. B. operant conditioning
3. D. Skinner; Pavlov
4. A. operant; establishing
5. C. A parrot is rewarded first for making any sound, then for making a sound similar to “Laura,” and then for “speaking” its owner's name.
6. B. negatively reinforced