Question

1. which survivorship curve represents humans? a. type ii b. type i c. type iii d. none 33. which trophic level has the smallest population? a. secondary consumers b. producers c. primary consumers d. tertiary consumers 34. which energy source is nonrenewable? a. sunlight b. wind c. coal d. hydropower 35. which process is an example of deductive reasoning? a. measuring rainfall b. counting insects in a sample c. if all birds have feathers, then robins have feathers d. observing birds in a forest 36. which process is an example of inductive reasoning? a. concluding without evidence b. testing a hypothesis about swan color c. observing that all swans seen are white and concluding all swans are white d. using peer review 37. which policy approach involves penalties for harming the environment? a. voluntary compliance b. regulations c. cap - and - trade d. incentives 38. which type of variable is changed by the experimenter? a. controlled variable b. independent variable c. constant d. dependent variable 39. which of the following is a provisioning service? a. food from crops b. cultural heritage c. nutrient cycling d. erosion control 40. which of the following best describes a generalist species? a. broad niche, able to use many resources b. narrow niche, restricted diet c. limited habitat tolerance d. only eats one prey

Explanation:

• 32. Humans have a Type I survivorship curve as most individuals live to old - age.
• 33. Tertiary consumers are at the top of the food chain and have the smallest population due to energy loss at each trophic level.
• 34. Coal is a nonrenewable energy source as it takes millions of years to form.
• 35. Deductive reasoning goes from general to specific. "If all birds have feathers, then robins have feathers" is an example.
• 36. Inductive reasoning goes from specific observations to general conclusions. Observing that all swans seen are white and concluding all swans are white is an example.
• 37. Regulations involve penalties for harming the environment.
• 38. The independent variable is changed by the experimenter.
• 39. Food from crops is a provisioning service as it provides a direct benefit in the form of food.
• 40. A generalist species has a broad niche and can use many resources.

Answer:

1. B. Type I
2. D. Tertiary consumers
3. C. Coal
4. C. If all birds have feathers, then robins have feathers
5. C. Observing that all swans seen are white and concluding all swans are white
6. B. Regulations
7. B. Independent variable
8. A. Food from crops
9. A. Broad niche, able to use many resources