Question

1. what political motivations encouraged the spread of protestantism? (a) protestantism provided people an opportunity to overthrow monarchies. (b) protestantism encouraged people to claim their individual rights. (c) protestantism encouraged militarism in european nations. (d) protestantism provided monarchs and princes an opportunity to enhance their independence. (e) all of the above. 34. in response to the challenges raised by the protestant reformation, the catholic church (a) launched a military campaign against the german states. (b) abandoned its monasteries in germany. (c) abandoned the practice of selling indulgences. (d) summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen its spiritual commitment. 35. calvinism took root in italy, spain, and austria. (a) true (b) false 36. john calvins geneva enforced strict moral codes. (a) true (b) false short answer: 1. according to machiavelli, what is best answer to whether it is better for a prince to be loved or feared? 2. what were the effects of gutenburgs printing press? think about a. the effect on learning b. the effect on religion

Explanation:

• Question 33: Monarchs and princes saw Protestantism as a way to gain more independence from the Catholic - Church's authority, which was a political motivation for its spread.
• Question 34: In response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church summoned the Council of Trent to clarify doctrine and strengthen its spiritual commitment.
• Question 35: Calvinism faced strong opposition in Italy, Spain, and Austria and did not take root there.
• Question 36: John Calvin's Geneva was known for its strict moral codes.

Answer:

1. D. Protestantism provided monarchs and princes an opportunity to enhance their independence.
2. D. Summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen its spiritual commitment.
3. B. False
4. A. True