54. describe the relationship between the three items in each of the following groups. identify each item as an element, compound, or mixture.
a. hydrogen, oxygen, and water
b. nitrogen, oxygen, and air
c. sodium, chlorine, and table salt
d. carbon, water, and table sugar
55. name the elements found in each of the following compounds.
a. ammonia (nh₃)
b. potassium oxide (k₂o)
c. sucrose (c₁₂h₂₂o₁₁)
d. calcium sulfide (cas)

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Accepted Answer

### Question 54
#### Part a
# Brief Explanations:
Hydrogen ($\ce{H}$) and oxygen ($\ce{O}$) are elements (pure substances made of one type of atom). Water ($\ce{H_2O}$) is a compound formed by chemically combining hydrogen and oxygen in a fixed ratio (2:1 by number of atoms).
# Answer:
- Hydrogen: Element
- Oxygen: Element
- Water: Compound
Relationship: Hydrogen and oxygen react chemically to form the compound water.

#### Part b
# Brief Explanations:
Nitrogen ($\ce{N}$) and oxygen ($\ce{O}$) are elements. Air is a mixture (contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., physically mixed, not chemically combined).
# Answer:
- Nitrogen: Element
- Oxygen: Element
- Air: Mixture
Relationship: Nitrogen and oxygen are components (elements) of the mixture air, mixed physically.

#### Part c
# Brief Explanations:
Sodium ($\ce{Na}$) and chlorine ($\ce{Cl}$) are elements. Table salt (sodium chloride, $\ce{NaCl}$) is a compound formed by chemically combining sodium and chlorine.
# Answer:
- Sodium: Element
- Chlorine: Element
- Table salt: Compound
Relationship: Sodium and chlorine react chemically to form the compound table salt.

#### Part d
# Brief Explanations:
Carbon ($\ce{C}$) is an element. Water ($\ce{H_2O}$) and table sugar (sucrose, $\ce{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}$) are compounds. Carbon is a component (element) of both water? No, wait: Water has H and O; table sugar has C, H, O. Carbon is an element present in table sugar (as part of its compound structure), while water does not contain carbon.
# Answer:
- Carbon: Element
- Water: Compound (contains H, O)
- Table sugar: Compound (contains C, H, O)
Relationship: Carbon is an element that is a component of the compound table sugar; water is a compound with different elements (H, O) and does not contain carbon.

### Question 55
#### Part a
# Brief Explanations:
The chemical formula of ammonia is $\ce{NH_3}$. The symbols $\ce{N}$ and $\ce{H}$ represent nitrogen and hydrogen, respectively.
# Answer:
Ammonia ($\ce{NH_3}$) contains nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H).

#### Part b
# Brief Explanations:
The formula for potassium oxide is $\ce{K_2O}$. $\ce{K}$ is potassium, and $\ce{O}$ is oxygen.
# Answer:
Potassium oxide ($\ce{K_2O}$) contains potassium (K) and oxygen (O).

#### Part c
# Brief Explanations:
Sucrose has the formula $\ce{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}$. The symbols $\ce{C}$, $\ce{H}$, and $\ce{O}$ stand for carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
# Answer:
Sucrose ($\ce{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}$) contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).

#### Part d
# Brief Explanations:
Calcium sulfide has the formula $\ce{CaS}$. $\ce{Ca}$ is calcium, and $\ce{S}$ is sulfur.
# Answer:
Calcium sulfide ($\ce{CaS}$) contains calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S).

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Question 54

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Part b