Question

1. your 90-year-old grandmother had a stroke and has been in a nursing home for about three months. on your last visit, you noticed a red, blistered area on the back of her leg. name your grandmother’s skin condition, its stage of development, and the proper treatment.
2. list at least one way in which the integumentary system interacts with the following body systems: skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive.

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for additional information and interactive exercises, search using the following key words and topics:

• integumentary system, layers of the skin
• hair, nails, sudoriferous glands, sweat glands
• effects of aging on the skin
• diseases of the skin and appendages
• environmental effects on the skin
• skin cancer
• effects of sunlight
• burns, types and treatment

Explanation:

Question 9

• Skin Condition: Pressure ulcer (stage II). Prolonged immobility (nursing home, post - stroke) causes pressure on skin, leading to redness, blisters (stage II has partial - thickness skin loss with blisters).
• Stage of Development: Stage II pressure ulcer (partial - thickness skin loss involving epidermis/dermis, presents as blisters or shallow ulcers).
• Treatment: Relieve pressure (e.g., repositioning, pressure - relieving devices), clean wound with saline, apply moist wound dressings, monitor for infection, ensure proper nutrition/hydration.

• Skeletal System: Skin (integumentary) protects bones from injury/infection; vitamin D synthesis in skin helps with calcium absorption for bone health.
• Muscular System: Skin protects muscles; sweat from skin helps cool muscles during exertion.
• Nervous System: Skin has sensory receptors (nervous system receives touch/pain/temperature signals from skin).
• Endocrine System: Skin synthesizes vitamin D (acts as a hormone - precursor, endocrine system - related as it affects calcium metabolism).
• Circulatory System: Skin has blood vessels (circulatory system delivers nutrients/oxygen to skin, removes waste; skin helps regulate blood pressure via vasoconstriction/vasodilation).
• Lymphatic System: Skin - associated lymphoid tissue (part of lymphatic system) helps fight skin - related infections.
• Respiratory System: Skin helps regulate body temperature (like respiratory system regulates gas exchange, both maintain homeostasis); skin and respiratory system both contribute to water loss (skin via sweat, respiratory via exhalation).
• Digestive System: Vitamin D from skin aids in calcium absorption in digestive tract; skin protects digestive organs (abdomen skin).
• Urinary System: Skin and kidneys (urinary system) both regulate fluid/electrolyte balance (skin via sweat, kidneys via urine).
• Reproductive System: Skin protects reproductive organs; during pregnancy, skin stretches (hormonal changes from reproductive system affect skin).

Answer:

• Skin Condition: Pressure Ulcer (Stage II)
• Stage of Development: Stage II (partial - thickness skin loss, blistered area)
• Treatment: Reposition to relieve pressure, clean wound with saline, apply moist dressings, monitor for infection, ensure good nutrition.

Question 10