Question

according to the cladogram, which characteristic was used to separate bony fish from amphibians?
jaws
cartilage
bony skeleton
lungs

Explanation:

The cladogram shows that the trait "Lungs" appears at the branch point separating bony fish from amphibians and reptiles. This means lungs are the characteristic that distinguishes the lineage leading to amphibians (and reptiles) from bony fish, as bony fish do not have this trait while amphibians do.

Answer:

lungs