Question

1. according to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is correct? a) energy can be created and destroyed. b) the entropy of the universe is decreasing. c) the entropy of the universe is constant. d) energy cannot be created or destroyed. 10. what is a key role of enzymes in a biological reaction? a) they are consumed by the reactions they catalyze. b) they increase the activation energy of chemical reactions. c) they lower the activation energy of chemical reactions. d) they change the equilibrium of a reaction. 11. what is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? a) it provides electrons for the electron transport chain. b) it combines with carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide. c) it is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain. d) it is needed for the production of light and heat. 12. the process of taking material into a cell by means of infolding, or pockets, outer membrane is called: a) exocytosis b) endocytosis c) active transport d) pinocytosis 13. which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? a) stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates. b) regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell. c) breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. d) produces energy for the cell.

Explanation:

• Question 9: The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
• Question 10: Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower the activation - energy of chemical reactions, speeding up the reaction rate without being consumed.
• Question 11: In cellular respiration, oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron - transport chain, allowing the process to continue and generate ATP.
• Question 12: Endocytosis is the process of taking material into a cell by infolding of the outer membrane.
• Question 13: One of the main functions of the cell membrane is to regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Answer:

• 9. d) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
• 10. c) They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.
• 11. c) It is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain.
• 12. b) Endocytosis
• 13. b) Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.