Question

alewife populations undergo extreme fluctuations sometimes experiencing large scale die - offs from unknown causes. this is an example of what population growth pattern?
predator and prey
stable
irregular or irruptive
exponential

Explanation:

Irregular or irruptive population growth patterns involve extreme fluctuations and unpredictable die - offs, which matches the description of alewife populations experiencing large - scale die - offs from unknown causes. Predator - prey patterns are about the interaction between predators and their prey. Stable patterns have little change, and exponential patterns show continuous rapid growth.

Answer:

C. Irregular or irruptive