Question

anatomy of a bone: define the following terms

1. periosteum
2. head
3. neck
4. shaft
5. condyles, epicondyles, tubercles, tuberosities, protuberances
6. articular cartilage
7. marrow
8. medullary canal

Explanation:

1. Periosteum: A dense fibrous membrane covering the bone, containing blood - vessels and nerves.
2. Head: The rounded end of a bone that forms a joint with another bone.
3. Neck: The narrow part of a bone between the head and the shaft.
4. Shaft: The long, cylindrical main part of a long - bone.
5. Condyles, epicondyles, tubercles, tuberosities, protuberances: Condyles are rounded projections for articulation; epicondyles are projections near condyles for muscle attachment; tubercles are small rounded projections; tuberosities are large, rough projections; protuberances are general outward projections.
6. Articular Cartilage: Smooth cartilage covering the ends of bones at joints to reduce friction.
7. Marrow: Soft tissue in the cavities of bones, either red (produces blood cells) or yellow (stores fat).
8. Medullary Canal: The central cavity in the shaft of a long - bone containing marrow.

Answer:

1. A dense fibrous membrane covering the bone with blood - vessels and nerves.
2. The rounded end of a bone for joint - formation.
3. The narrow part between the head and shaft of a bone.
4. The long, cylindrical main part of a long - bone.
5. Condyles: Rounded projections for articulation; Epicondyles: Projections near condyles for muscle attachment; Tubercles: Small rounded projections; Tuberosities: Large, rough projections; Protuberances: General outward projections.
6. Smooth cartilage on bone ends at joints to reduce friction.
7. Soft tissue in bone cavities, red for blood - cell production, yellow for fat storage.
8. The central cavity in the shaft of a long - bone with marrow.