Question

answer each of the following questions as you watch the video. explain each answer thoroughly and use specific examples from the video in your answers!!!

1. about how many atoms does neil degrasse tyson say that he’s made up of?
2. why do the water molecules move faster when the sun hit them?
3. what has to happen to the water molecules before they can evaporate?
4. how long have tardigrades been living on earth?
5. what are the “holes” in the moss called that take in carbon dioxide and “exhale” oxygen?
6. what does a plant need in order to break water into hydrogen and oxygen?
7. why is photosynthesis the “ultimate green energy”?
8. how long can a tardigrade go without water?
9. when did the first flowering plants evolve?
10. what did charles darwin conclude about the orchid based on his idea of natural selection?
11. what is the name of the nerve that is stimulated when we smell something?
12. why do certain scents trigger memories?
13. how does the number of atoms in every breath we take compare to all the stars in all the known galaxies?
14. what idea about nature was first expressed by thales?
15. what was the name of the ancient greek philosopher who came up with the idea of atoms?
16. what is the only element that is flexible enough to create different structures necessary to sustain life?
17. how did neil degrasse tyson explain that the boy did not really touch the girl?
18. how many protons and electrons does an atom of gold have?
19. what is the “ash” in the sun’s nuclear furnace?
20. how are heavier elements, like iron, made?
21. how much distilled water is in the neutrino trap?
22. why did neutrinos reach the earth 3 hours before anyone knew of the supernova 1987a?
23. how did wolfgang pauli explain the “breaking” of the law of conservation of energy in radioactive isotopes?
24. why can we not go further back than 15 minutes into january 1 on the “cosmic calendar”?
25. about what size was the universe when it was a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second old?

Explanation:

1. Neil deGrasse Tyson's statement about the number of atoms he's made up of is likely a reference to his body - composition in terms of atomic scale.
2. Water molecules move faster when the sun hits them because they absorb energy (heat) from the sunlight, increasing their kinetic energy.
3. Water molecules need to gain enough energy to increase their motion and break free from the liquid - phase intermolecular forces to evaporate.
4. Tardigrades are ancient organisms, but without specific video - reference, an exact time of their appearance on Earth can't be precisely stated from this text alone.
5. Stomata are the small pores in the moss (and other plants) that facilitate gas - exchange, taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
6. Sunlight provides the energy required for a plant to break water into hydrogen and oxygen during photosynthesis.
7. Photosynthesis is considered the "ultimate green energy" as it uses sunlight, a renewable resource, to produce sugar and oxygen.
8. Tardigrades are known for their ability to survive extreme conditions, including long periods without water, often for years.
9. The evolution of the first flowering plants is a topic in paleobotany, but no specific time is given in this text.
10. Charles Darwin likely related the orchid's features to its survival and reproduction in the context of natural selection.
11. The olfactory nerve is stimulated when we smell something, transmitting the smell - related signals to the brain.
12. Certain scents trigger memories because the olfactory system is closely linked to the limbic system in the brain, which is involved in memory and emotion, and it can be a survival mechanism to remember good or bad sources related to the scent.
13. The comparison between the number of atoms in each breath and the number of stars in known galaxies is a way to emphasize the vastness of the atomic world.
14. Thales' idea about nature is not fully clear from this text, but he was one of the first to propose natural explanations rather than supernatural ones.
15. Democritus is the ancient Greek philosopher who first proposed the concept of atoms.
16. Carbon is the element that can form a wide variety of complex structures necessary for life due to its ability to form multiple covalent bonds.
17. Neil deGrasse Tyson likely explained that the boy didn't really touch the girl due to the electromagnetic repulsion between the atoms of their bodies at close range.
18. Gold has 79 protons and, in a neutral atom, 79 electrons.
19. In the Sun's nuclear furnace, hydrogen fuses to form helium, so helium can be considered a "ash" product of the nuclear - fusion reactions.
20. Heavier elements like iron are made in supernovae through processes such as neutron - capture reactions.
21. No information about the amount of distilled water in the neutrino trap is given in this text.
22. Neutrinos reach the Earth before the light from a supernova because they interact very weakly with matter and can escape the supernova core quickly, while light is delayed by interactions with the dense matter in the supernova.
23. Wolfgang Pauli proposed the existence of neutrinos to explain the apparent "breaking" of the law of conservation of energy in radioactive isotopes.
24. The "cosmic calendar" is a way to scale the history of the universe to a year. Not going further back than 15 minutes into January 1 might be related to the lack of reliable information or the start of the observable universe's history in this model.
25. No information about the size of the universe at that time is given in this text.

Answer:

1. The answer given is 3 billion, but this may not be accurate without further context from the video.
2. They absorb energy from sunlight, increasing kinetic energy.
3. They move faster by gaining enough energy.
4. No specific answer given in text.
5. Stomata.
6. Sunlight.
7. It uses sunlight to make sugar.
8. For years.
9. No specific answer given in text.
10. No specific answer given in text.
11. Olfactory nerve.
12. Because it is a survival mechanism.
13. No clear comparison given in text.
14. The statement in text is not clear.
15. Democritus.
16. Carbon.
17. It is an invisible force that repels when close.
18. 79 protons and 79 electrons.
19. Helium.
20. In supernovae.
21. No answer given in text.
22. Neutrinos interact weakly and can escape the supernova core faster.
23. Pauli proposed the existence of neutrinos.
24. Lack of reliable information or start of observable universe history in "cosmic calendar" model.
25. No answer given in text.