Question

an area that is in the early stages of primary succession will typically contain
○ evergreen trees.
○ perennial shrubs.
○ lichens.
○ hickory.

Explanation:

Primary succession begins in an area with no soil. Lichens are pioneer species that can grow on bare rock, breaking it down to form soil over time. Evergreen trees, perennial shrubs, and hickory require soil to grow and appear later in succession.

Answer:

lichens.