Question

an article in the new england journal of medicine reported about a study of smokers in california and hawaii. in one part of the report, the self - reported ethnicity and smoking levels per day were given. of the people smoking at most ten cigarettes per day, there were 9,886 african americans, 2,745 native hawaiians, 12,831 latinos, 8,378 japanese americans, and 7,650 whites. of the people smoking 11 to 20 cigarettes per day, there were 6,514 african americans, 1,062 native hawaiians, 4,932 latinos, 10,680 japanese americans, and 9,877 whites. of the people smoking 21 to 30 cigarettes per day, there were 1,671 african americans, 1,419 native hawaiians, 1,406 latinos, 4,715 japanese americans, and 6,062 whites. of the people smoking at least 31 cigarettes per day, there were 759 african americans, 768 native hawaiians, 800 latinos, 2,305 japanese americans, and 3,970 whites.
complete the table using the data provided.

smoking level	african american	native hawaiian	latino	japanese american	white	totals
11 - 20
21 - 30
31+
totals

Answer:

To complete the table, we will calculate the values for each cell (smoking level by ethnicity) and then the totals for each row (smoking level) and column (ethnicity).

Step 1: Fill in the cells for each smoking level and ethnicity

We use the given data to populate the table:

Smoking Level	African American	Native Hawaiian	Latino	Japanese American	White	TOTALS (Row)
11–20	6,514	1,062	4,932	10,680	9,877	Calculate
21–30	1,671	1,419	1,406	4,715	6,052	Calculate
31+	759	768	800	2,305	3,970	Calculate
TOTALS (Column)	Calculate	Calculate	Calculate	Calculate	Calculate	Grand Total

Step 2: Calculate row totals (smoking level)

For each row, sum the values across ethnicities:

• 1–10 TOTAL: \( 9,886 + 2,745 + 12,831 + 8,378 + 7,650 \)

\( = 9,886 + 2,745 = 12,631 \)
\( 12,631 + 12,831 = 25,462 \)
\( 25,462 + 8,378 = 33,840 \)
\( 33,840 + 7,650 = 41,490 \)

• 11–20 TOTAL: \( 6,514 + 1,062 + 4,932 + 10,680 + 9,877 \)

\( = 6,514 + 1,062 = 7,576 \)
\( 7,576 + 4,932 = 12,508 \)
\( 12,508 + 10,680 = 23,188 \)
\( 23,188 + 9,877 = 33,065 \)

• 21–30 TOTAL: \( 1,671 + 1,419 + 1,406 + 4,715 + 6,052 \)

\( = 1,671 + 1,419 = 3,090 \)
\( 3,090 + 1,406 = 4,496 \)
\( 4,496 + 4,715 = 9,211 \)
\( 9,211 + 6,052 = 15,263 \)

• 31+ TOTAL: \( 759 + 768 + 800 + 2,305 + 3,970 \)

\( = 759 + 768 = 1,527 \)
\( 1,527 + 800 = 2,327 \)
\( 2,327 + 2,305 = 4,632 \)
\( 4,632 + 3,970 = 8,602 \)

Step 3: Calculate column totals (ethnicity)

For each column, sum the values across smoking levels:

• African American TOTAL: \( 9,886 + 6,514 + 1,671 + 759 \)

\( = 9,886 + 6,514 = 16,400 \)
\( 16,400 + 1,671 = 18,071 \)
\( 18,071 + 759 = 18,830 \)

• Native Hawaiian TOTAL: \( 2,745 + 1,062 + 1,419 + 768 \)

\( = 2,745 + 1,062 = 3,807 \)
\( 3,807 + 1,419 = 5,226 \)
\( 5,226 + 768 = 5,994 \)

• Latino TOTAL: \( 12,831 + 4,932 + 1,406 + 800 \)

\( = 12,831 + 4,932 = 17,763 \)
\( 17,763 + 1,406 = 19,169 \)
\( 19,169 + 800 = 19,969 \)

• Japanese American TOTAL: \( 8,378 + 10,680 + 4,715 + 2,305 \)

\( = 8,378 + 10,680 = 19,058 \)
\( 19,058 + 4,715 = 23,773 \)
\( 23,773 + 2,305 = 26,078 \)

• White TOTAL: \( 7,650 + 9,877 + 6,052 + 3,970 \)

\( = 7,650 + 9,877 = 17,527 \)
\( 17,527 + 6,052 = 23,579 \)
\( 23,579 + 3,970 = 27,549 \)

Step 4: Calculate the grand total

The grand total is the sum of all row totals (or column totals):
\( 41,490 + 33,065 + 15,263 + 8,602 = 98,420 \)

Final Table

Smoking Level	African American	Native Hawaiian	Latino	Japanese American	White	TOTALS (Row)
11–20	6,514	1,062	4,932	10,680	9,877	33,065
21–30	1,671	1,419	1,406	4,715	6,052	15,263
31+	759	768	800	2,305	3,970	8,602
TOTALS (Column)	18,830	5,994	19,969	26,078	27,549	98,420

Key Takeaway

The table is completed by summing values for each row (smoking level) and column (ethnicity), then verifying with the grand total.