Question

assessment: chapter 2—“expansion of empires, war, and
a. on your own paper, write the letter that provides the best answer.

1. use the map to answer the question.

the spread of islam
which statement explains the changes after muhammad’s death shown in the map? (5.4, 5.10, 5.10.b)
a) a civil war led to a split in islam.
b) a period of peace increased trade.
c) the first four caliphs spread islam through conquest.
d) the first four caliphs developed a policy of religious tolerance.

1. why are muslims required to make a pilgrimage during their lifetime? (5.8, 5.10)

a) to show their devotion to allah
b) to commemorate muhammad’s conquests
c) to show their respect for islamic communities
d) to commemorate muhammad’s last trip to mecca

1. how did muslim scholars contribute to the field of mathematics? (5.10, 5.10.c)

a) they developed algebra.
b) they developed geometry.
c) they invented the abacus.
d) they invented written numbers.

Explanation:

1. After Muhammad's death, the first four caliphs (Abu - Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali) led military conquests which expanded the territory of Islam as shown in the map. So, the spread of Islam shown in the map is due to the first four caliphs spreading Islam through conquest.
2. One of the Five Pillars of Islam is the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). Muslims are required to make this pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime if they are physically and financially able as a way to show their devotion to Allah.
3. Muslim scholars made significant contributions to the field of mathematics, including the development of algebra. Al - Khwarizmi is often considered the father of algebra.

Answer:

1. c) The first four caliphs spread Islam through conquest.
2. a) to show their devotion to Allah
3. a) They developed algebra.