Question

calculate the frequency of g and g alleles in population 2. round to the nearest hundredth (2 decimal places).
frequency of a alleles = (number of a alleles)/(total number of alleles in the population)
frequency of a alleles = (number of a alleles)/(total number of alleles in the population)
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part ii: answer the following analysis questions. be sure to use proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

1. compare the allele frequencies of the two populations. is the population evolving?

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1. what are the sources of variation in a population?

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1. why is variation in a population important?

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Explanation:

To calculate the allele frequencies, we need the number of individuals with each genotype (e.g., GG, Gg, gg) in Population 2. Since that data is missing, let's assume a common example (you can substitute with your actual data):

Step 1: Define Genotype Counts (Example Data)

Suppose in Population 2:

• Number of GG individuals: \( n_{GG} = 30 \) (each contributes 2 G alleles)
• Number of Gg individuals: \( n_{Gg} = 40 \) (each contributes 1 G and 1 g allele)
• Number of gg individuals: \( n_{gg} = 30 \) (each contributes 2 g alleles)

Step 2: Calculate Total Number of Alleles

Total alleles = \( 2 \times (n_{GG} + n_{Gg} + n_{gg}) \)
Substitute values:
\( 2 \times (30 + 40 + 30) = 2 \times 100 = 200 \)

Step 3: Calculate Number of G Alleles

G alleles = \( (2 \times n_{GG}) + (1 \times n_{Gg}) \)
Substitute values:
\( (2 \times 30) + (1 \times 40) = 60 + 40 = 100 \)

Step 4: Calculate Frequency of G Allele

\( f(G) = \frac{\text{Number of G alleles}}{\text{Total alleles}} = \frac{100}{200} = 0.50 \)

Step 5: Calculate Number of g Alleles

g alleles = \( (2 \times n_{gg}) + (1 \times n_{Gg}) \)
Substitute values:
\( (2 \times 30) + (1 \times 40) = 60 + 40 = 100 \)

Step 6: Calculate Frequency of g Allele

\( f(g) = \frac{\text{Number of g alleles}}{\text{Total alleles}} = \frac{100}{200} = 0.50 \)

Final Answer (Using Example Data)

• Frequency of G: \( \boldsymbol{0.50} \)
• Frequency of g: \( \boldsymbol{0.50} \)

Note:

If your actual data (number of GG, Gg, gg individuals) differs, substitute the values into the same formula:

• \( f(G) = \frac{2n_{GG} + n_{Gg}}{2(n_{GG} + n_{Gg} + n_{gg})} \)
• \( f(g) = \frac{2n_{gg} + n_{Gg}}{2(n_{GG} + n_{Gg} + n_{gg})} \)

For the analysis questions (Part II):

1. Compare Allele Frequencies & Evolution

If allele frequencies differ between Population 1 and Population 2, the population is evolving (evolution = change in allele frequencies over time). For example, if Population 1 has \( f(G) = 0.6 \) and \( f(g) = 0.4 \), while Population 2 has \( f(G) = 0.5 \) and \( f(g) = 0.5 \), the allele frequencies have changed, so the population is evolving.

2. Sources of Variation

Sources of variation in a population include:

• Mutation: Random changes in DNA (new alleles).
• Gene Flow: Transfer of alleles between populations (e.g., migration).
• Genetic Drift: Random changes in allele frequencies (e.g., bottleneck/founder effect).
• Natural Selection: Differential survival/reproduction of alleles.
• Sexual Reproduction: Recombination (crossing over) and independent assortment.

3. Importance of Variation

Variation is critical for:

• Adaptation: Allows populations to adapt to changing environments (e.g., antibiotic resistance in bacteria).
• Evolution: Provides raw material for natural selection to act on.
• Resilience: Increases a population’s ability to survive disturbances (e.g., disease outbreaks).

If you provide the actual genotype counts for Population 2, I can compute the exact allele frequencies.

Answer:

To calculate the allele frequencies, we need the number of individuals with each genotype (e.g., GG, Gg, gg) in Population 2. Since that data is missing, let's assume a common example (you can substitute with your actual data):

Step 1: Define Genotype Counts (Example Data)

Suppose in Population 2:

• Number of GG individuals: \( n_{GG} = 30 \) (each contributes 2 G alleles)
• Number of Gg individuals: \( n_{Gg} = 40 \) (each contributes 1 G and 1 g allele)
• Number of gg individuals: \( n_{gg} = 30 \) (each contributes 2 g alleles)

Step 2: Calculate Total Number of Alleles

Total alleles = \( 2 \times (n_{GG} + n_{Gg} + n_{gg}) \)
Substitute values:
\( 2 \times (30 + 40 + 30) = 2 \times 100 = 200 \)

Step 3: Calculate Number of G Alleles

G alleles = \( (2 \times n_{GG}) + (1 \times n_{Gg}) \)
Substitute values:
\( (2 \times 30) + (1 \times 40) = 60 + 40 = 100 \)

Step 4: Calculate Frequency of G Allele

\( f(G) = \frac{\text{Number of G alleles}}{\text{Total alleles}} = \frac{100}{200} = 0.50 \)

Step 5: Calculate Number of g Alleles

g alleles = \( (2 \times n_{gg}) + (1 \times n_{Gg}) \)
Substitute values:
\( (2 \times 30) + (1 \times 40) = 60 + 40 = 100 \)

Step 6: Calculate Frequency of g Allele

\( f(g) = \frac{\text{Number of g alleles}}{\text{Total alleles}} = \frac{100}{200} = 0.50 \)

Final Answer (Using Example Data)

• Frequency of G: \( \boldsymbol{0.50} \)
• Frequency of g: \( \boldsymbol{0.50} \)

Note:

If your actual data (number of GG, Gg, gg individuals) differs, substitute the values into the same formula:

• \( f(G) = \frac{2n_{GG} + n_{Gg}}{2(n_{GG} + n_{Gg} + n_{gg})} \)
• \( f(g) = \frac{2n_{gg} + n_{Gg}}{2(n_{GG} + n_{Gg} + n_{gg})} \)

For the analysis questions (Part II):

1. Compare Allele Frequencies & Evolution

If allele frequencies differ between Population 1 and Population 2, the population is evolving (evolution = change in allele frequencies over time). For example, if Population 1 has \( f(G) = 0.6 \) and \( f(g) = 0.4 \), while Population 2 has \( f(G) = 0.5 \) and \( f(g) = 0.5 \), the allele frequencies have changed, so the population is evolving.

2. Sources of Variation

Sources of variation in a population include:

• Mutation: Random changes in DNA (new alleles).
• Gene Flow: Transfer of alleles between populations (e.g., migration).
• Genetic Drift: Random changes in allele frequencies (e.g., bottleneck/founder effect).
• Natural Selection: Differential survival/reproduction of alleles.
• Sexual Reproduction: Recombination (crossing over) and independent assortment.

3. Importance of Variation

Variation is critical for:

• Adaptation: Allows populations to adapt to changing environments (e.g., antibiotic resistance in bacteria).
• Evolution: Provides raw material for natural selection to act on.
• Resilience: Increases a population’s ability to survive disturbances (e.g., disease outbreaks).

If you provide the actual genotype counts for Population 2, I can compute the exact allele frequencies.