Question

cell transport in plant roots

background: the root cells of plants are responsible for collecting essential minerals and water from the soil. this is done via the process of cell transport. carefully study the diagram of the root cell and the soil. the root cell will pick up both dissolved minerals and water from the soil. compare the amount of minerals and water molecules in the soil to the amount inside the cytoplasm. both minerals and water will be crossed over to the root cell, as they are required for the plant’s survival. the mineral ions use special channels to cross through the cell membrane.

labeling and drawing
part 1: draw arrows to depict the direction of mineral ion transport and water molecule transport. if any proteins are used, be sure to include them. draw a star where energy is involved.

part 2: complete the paragraph below by using the word bank.
word bank (some can be used twice!): passive, active, low, high, proteins, energy, osmosis

mineral ions move from the soil to the plant using ____ transport because the mineral ions are moving from __ concentration to __ concentration. the ions are moving against the concentration gradient, and require __ to carry them across the plant cell membrane. this process requires ____.

water molecules move from the soil to the plant using ____ transport because the water molecules are moving from __ concentration to __ concentration. therefore, no __ is required. this process is called ____.

Explanation:

For mineral ion transport: Mineral ions move from the soil (low concentration of ions) to the plant (high concentration of ions) using active transport because they move against the concentration gradient, requiring proteins (carrier proteins) and energy (ATP) to carry them across the cell membrane.

For water molecule transport: Water molecules move from the soil (high water concentration, low solute concentration) to the plant (low water concentration, high solute concentration) using passive transport (osmosis) because water moves from high to low water concentration (down the concentration gradient), so no energy is required. This process is called osmosis.

Filling in the blanks:

1. Mineral ions move from the soil to the plant using \textbf{Active} transport because the mineral ions are moving from \textbf{Low} concentration to \textbf{High} concentration. The ions are moving against the concentration gradient, and require \textbf{Proteins} to carry them across the plant cell membrane. This process requires \textbf{Energy}.

1. Water molecules move from the soil to the plant using \textbf{Passive} (or \textbf{Osmosis}) transport because the water molecules are moving from \textbf{High} concentration to \textbf{Low} concentration. Therefore, no \textbf{Energy} is required. This process is called \textbf{Osmosis}.

Answer:

(For the blanks in order, assuming the blanks are filled as per the above explanation. The exact order of blanks from the image's paragraph:

1. Mineral ions move from the soil to the plant using \underline{Active} transport because the mineral ions are moving from \underline{Low} concentration to \underline{High} concentration. The ions are moving against the concentration gradient, and require \underline{Proteins} to carry them across the plant cell membrane. This process requires \underline{Energy}.

1. Water molecules move from the soil to the plant using \underline{Passive (or Osmosis)} transport because the water molecules are moving from \underline{High} concentration to \underline{Low} concentration. Therefore, no \underline{Energy} is required. This process is called \underline{Osmosis}.)

(Note: The exact wording might adjust based on the blank positions, but the key concepts are active transport for minerals (against gradient, needs energy and proteins) and passive (osmosis) for water (down gradient, no energy).)