Question

ch 8* archaeologists plan to examine a sample of two-meter-square plots near an ancient greek city for artifacts visible in the ground. they choose separate samples of plots from floodplain, coast, foothills, and high hills. what kind of sample is this?

a simple random sampling

a voluntary response sampling

a convenience sampling

a stratified random sampling

Explanation:

1. Recall the definitions of each sampling method:

• Simple random sampling: Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and samples are chosen randomly without stratification.
• Voluntary response sampling: Participants self - select to be part of the sample (e.g., people responding to a survey because they want to).
• Convenience sampling: Samples are taken from a population that is easily accessible (e.g., surveying people in a shopping mall).
• Stratified random sampling: The population is divided into distinct subgroups (strata) based on some characteristic, and then samples are taken from each stratum.

1. In the given problem, the archaeologists divided the area (the population of plots) into subgroups: floodplain, coast, foothills, and high hills (these are the strata). Then they took samples from each of these strata. This matches the definition of stratified random sampling. The other options do not fit: simple random sampling has no stratification, voluntary response sampling is about self - selection, and convenience sampling is about easy access, not stratification.

Answer:

D. A stratified random sampling (assuming the options are labeled A - D with D being "A stratified random sampling" as per the given options where the last option is selected)