chapter review
directions: use information from the chapter to answer each question.
1. what were homeless encampments called during the great depression?
2. by 1933, the u.s. unemployment rate hovered around what percentage?
3. under this process, a lender takes ownership of a property when a borrower fails to make proper payments.
4. foreclosure on properties during the great depression led to a surge in what?
5. what do many economists today view as a major reason the depression lasted longer than a decade?
6. governments, charities, and what other group often ran soup kitchens?
7. the dust bowl had the greatest impact on what region of the united states?
8. the enlarged homestead act encouraged settlement in the great plains after 1909 by offering how many acres to farmers?
9. were the agricultural policies of the government harmful or helpful in the dust bowl era?
10. many descendants of irish, german, and mexican immigrants found they could make money growing what crop?
11. approximately how many americans migrated away from the great plains during the dust bowl?
12. what is the dust storm of april 14, 1935, better known as?
13. by 1937, what percent of farm families were receiving government assistance to help them survive?
14. what was one program hoover created to try to turn around the country’s economic problems?
15. theodore roosevelt had promised americans a “square deal.” what did fdr promise?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
During the Great Depression, homeless encampments were named "Hoovervilles" as a criticism of President Hoover's perceived inaction during the economic crisis.
# Answer:
Hoovervilles

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
By 1933, the peak of the Great Depression, the U.S. unemployment rate was around 25% (some sources may give a range, but 25% is the widely recognized figure for the peak).
# Answer:
Around 25%

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Foreclosure is the legal process where a lender takes ownership of a property when the borrower defaults on loan payments (fails to make proper payments).
# Answer:
Foreclosure

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Foreclosures on properties during the Great Depression forced many families out of their homes, leading to a surge in homelessness as they had no place to live.
# Answer:
Homelessness

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Many economists today believe the lack of sufficient government intervention (or the wrong type of intervention, like Hoover's limited actions and later policy missteps) and the adherence to deflationary policies/prolonged tight monetary policy (or the failure to use fiscal policy effectively) were major reasons the Depression lasted so long. Another key factor is the Smoot - Hawley Tariff which worsened international trade, but the main view often centers around insufficient government response (especially fiscal and monetary) or policy errors.
# Answer:
Insufficient government intervention (or policy errors like deflationary policies, Smoot - Hawley Tariff, etc. - the most common answer is related to lack of effective government action or policy mistakes)

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
During the Great Depression, governments, charities, and religious groups (like churches) often ran soup kitchens to provide food for the unemployed and homeless.
# Answer:
Religious groups (or churches)

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The Dust Bowl, a period of severe dust storms and drought, had the greatest impact on the Great Plains region of the United States (specifically the Southern Plains states like Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico).
# Answer:
The Great Plains (or Southern Plains)

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
The Enlarged Homestead Act of 1909 offered 320 acres of land to farmers to encourage settlement in the Great Plains.
# Answer:
320 acres

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Government agricultural policies before the Dust Bowl (like encouraging over - plowing and over - farming of the Great Plains) were harmful as they contributed to the ecological disaster of the Dust Bowl by destroying the natural grasslands that held the soil in place.
# Answer:
Harmful

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Many descendants of Irish, German, and Mexican immigrants in the Southwest (especially in areas like California) found they could make money growing cotton (or other crops, but cotton was a major cash crop in some regions) or in some cases, vegetables/fruits. However, a common answer is cotton (or also, in some contexts, citrus or other crops, but cotton is a key one related to immigrant farming in the Southwest during that era).
# Answer:
Cotton (or other appropriate crops like vegetables/fruits depending on region, but cotton is a common answer)

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
Approximately 2.5 million Americans migrated away from the Great Plains during the Dust Bowl as the ecological and economic disaster made it impossible to sustain their farms and lives there.
# Answer:
Approximately 2.5 million

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
The dust storm of April 14, 1935, was better known as "Black Sunday" due to the intense darkness and severity of the storm.
# Answer:
Black Sunday

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
By 1937, around 40% of farm families were receiving government assistance to help them survive the economic and ecological crisis of the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression.
# Answer:
Around 40%

### Question 14
# Brief Explanations:
One of the programs Hoover created was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), which was intended to provide loans to banks, railroads, and other businesses to stimulate the economy.
# Answer:
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) (or other programs like the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, but RFC is a major one)

### Question 15
# Brief Explanations:
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) promised Americans a "New Deal" which was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations to combat the Great Depression.
# Answer:
A New Deal

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