Question

compare the student text with the source.
source: russell freedman, who was first?, page 15. published by clarion books, 2007:

while columbus was a courageous and enterprising mariner, he proved to be a
poor governor, unable to control the greed of his followers.

student text:

columbus was a brave and adventurous sailor but turned out to be an ineffective
leader.

is the student text plagiarized?

no, it is not plagiarized.

yes, because it fails to use quotation marks.

yes, because it fails to cite the source.

Explanation:

Plagiarism involves using someone else's work (ideas, words) without proper attribution. The student text rephrases the source's idea (Columbus as brave but poor leader) in their own words, not copying verbatim. It's a paraphrase without citation issues here? Wait, no—wait, the question is if it's plagiarized. Wait, the student's text is a paraphrase (changing "courageous and enterprising mariner" to "brave and adventurous sailor", "poor governor, unable to control the greed..." to "ineffective leader"). But plagiarism is using someone else's ideas without credit, but in this case, the options: the first option "No, it is not plagiarized"—wait, no, wait. Wait, actually, plagiarism is presenting someone else's work as your own. If the student paraphrases without citing, is that plagiarism? Wait, the source is from a book. The student's text is a paraphrase. But the options: the first option is "No, it is not plagiarized"—but actually, in academic terms, even paraphrasing without citation is plagiarism. Wait, but maybe the question is about verbatim copying. Let's check the text: source says "courageous and enterprising mariner, he proved to be a poor governor, unable to control the greed of his followers". Student says "brave and adventurous sailor but turned out to be an ineffective leader". So the student has rephrased the idea (Columbus was brave but a bad leader) using different words. So if the question is whether it's plagiarized (copying words or ideas without credit), but the options: the first option is "No, it is not plagiarized"—maybe the question is considering that it's a paraphrase with different wording, not direct copying. So the correct answer is "No, it is not plagiarized" because it's rephrased in the student's own words, not copying the source's exact language.

Answer:

No, it is not plagiarized.