Question

consider the following particles in light of periodic trends and atomic structure.
$s^{2-}$, $s$, $s^-$, $s^+$
rank the particles in order of increasing particle size.
s,s⁺,s⁻,s²⁻
s⁺,s⁻,s,s²⁻
s²⁻,s⁻,s,s⁺
s⁺,s,s⁻,s²⁻

Explanation:

All particles are sulfur-based, so they have the same number of protons (16). Cations lose electrons, reducing electron-electron repulsion and pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus, making them smaller than the neutral atom. Anions gain electrons, increasing electron-electron repulsion, which expands the electron cloud, making them larger than the neutral atom. The more electrons gained, the larger the anion; the more electrons lost, the smaller the cation. $S^+$ has lost 1 electron, $S$ is neutral, $S^-$ has gained 1 electron, and $S^{2-}$ has gained 2 electrons.

Answer:

$S^+, S, S^-, S^{2-}$