Question

4
in the context of pavlovs studies on classical conditioning, which of the following statements is true of contingency?
multiple choice
it means that the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented very close together in time
it implies that an unconditioned stimulus should always precede a conditioned stimulus.
it means that the unconditioned stimulus must serve as a reliable indicator that the conditioned stimulus is on its way
it refers to the information value of a conditioned stimulus relative to an unconditioned stimulus.

Explanation:

Contingency in classical conditioning refers to how well the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) predicts the conditioned stimulus (CS). For conditioning to occur, the UCS must reliably signal that the CS is coming, meaning the UCS acts as an indicator the CS is imminent. The other options describe contiguity (timing of stimuli) or incorrect stimulus ordering, not contingency.

Answer:

C. It means that the unconditioned stimulus must serve as a reliable indicator that the conditioned stimulus is on its way.