Question

covalent bonding basics manipulatives
directions: for each set of atoms, use the lewis dot diagram manipulatives to form the bond(s) between them. only the same number of electrons from each atom can bond to make a handshake.
after some trial and error and you figure out the bond(s) that will work between the atoms, draw arrangement of valence electrons in the space and circle the new valence shell of each atom. re - draw the bond as a lewis structure (ball and stick diagram), being sure to draw in any lone pairs. then, write the molecular formula for the molecule.
example: oxygen and oxygen
#1: hydrogen and chlorine
#2: nitrogen and nitrogen

Explanation:

Step1: Determine valence electrons

Hydrogen has 1 valence - electron and chlorine has 7 valence - electrons.

Step2: Form covalent bond

Hydrogen and chlorine form a single covalent bond by sharing one pair of electrons. The Lewis - dot structure has H with one dot and Cl with 7 dots, and a single bond between them. In the ball - and - stick diagram, a single stick connects the H and Cl balls. The Cl atom will have 3 lone pairs.

Step3: Write molecular formula

The molecular formula for the compound formed by hydrogen and chlorine is HCl.

Step1: Determine valence electrons

Each nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons.

Step2: Form covalent bond

Nitrogen atoms form a triple covalent bond to achieve an octet. The Lewis - dot structure has two N atoms with 5 dots each, and three pairs of dots are shared between them. In the ball - and - stick diagram, three sticks connect the two N balls, and each N has one lone pair.

Step3: Write molecular formula

The molecular formula for the nitrogen molecule is N₂.

Answer:

Lewis - dot structure: H:Cl (with a single bond between them and 3 lone pairs on Cl)
Ball - and - stick diagram: A single stick connecting a H ball and a Cl ball with 3 sets of 2 small balls (representing lone pairs) around the Cl ball
Molecular formula: HCl

For nitrogen and nitrogen: