Question

date: 9/10/15
worksheet 2 – prepositional phrases
magister howard
i. prepositions with the ablative
a/ab (+abl.) – (away) from, by cum (+ abl.) – with dē (+ abl.) – (down) from, about
e/ex (+ abl.) – out of, from in (+ abl.) – in, on sine (+ abl.) – without
sub (+ abl.) – under (at rest)
translate each underlined prepositional phrase into latin.

1. the lion is walking away from the tree.

arbor, arboris, f. - tree

1. many fish live in rivers.

flūmen, flūminis, n. - river

1. the children are running out of the forest.

silva, silvae, f. - forest

1. don’t leave home without shoes.

solea, soleae, f. - shoe

1. we read about the monster.

monstrum, monstrī, n. - monster
ii. prepositions with the accusative
ad (+ acc.) – to, toward ante (+ acc.) – before, in front of apud (+ acc.) – near, among
in (+ acc.) – into, against inter (+ acc.) – between, among per (+ acc.) – through
post (+ acc.) – behind, after sub (+ acc.) – under (with motion) trans (+ acc.) – across
translate each underlined prepositional phrase into latin.

1. the boy is hiding behind the wall.

mūrns, mūrī, m. - wall

1. we were sitting near the window.

fenestra, fenestrae, f. - window

1. we sailed across the river.

flūmen, flūminis, n. - river

1. they walked toward the temples.

templum, templī, n.

1. the husband and wife were changed into mountains.

mōns, montis, m. - mountain

Explanation:

Question 1

Step1: Identify preposition and case

The phrase "away from the tree" uses "a/ab" (with ablative) and "tree" is "arbor" (ablative singular: arboris? Wait, no, "arbor" is feminine, ablative singular for "arbor" is "arbore"? Wait, no, the dictionary entry says "arbor, arboris, f. - tree", so ablative singular is "arbore". Wait, the preposition "a/ab" takes ablative, so "away from the tree" is "ab arbore" (since "tree" is feminine, ablative singular "arbore"? Wait, maybe the noun is in ablative, so "ab arboris"? No, wait, "arbor" is first declension, so genitive is "arboris", ablative is "arbore". Wait, the problem says "arbor, arboris, f. - tree", so ablative singular is "arbore". So the preposition is "ab" (since "away from" and "tree" starts with a vowel? Wait, "a" is used before consonants, "ab" before vowels? Wait, "arbor" starts with a consonant? "a" is for consonants, "ab" for vowels? Wait, "arbor" starts with "a"? No, "arbor" starts with "a"? Wait, "arbor" is spelled a-r-b-o-r, so starts with a vowel? Wait, Latin prepositions: "a" is used before consonants, "ab" before vowels or h. So "arbor" starts with a vowel (a), so we use "ab". Then the noun "tree" is "arbor", ablative singular is "arbore". So "away from the tree" is "ab arbore".

Step2: Write the translation

So the translation is "ab arbore".

Step1: Identify preposition and case

The phrase "in rivers" uses "in" (with ablative, meaning "in, on"). "River" is "flumen", which is neuter, ablative plural? Wait, "flumen, fluminis, n. - river", so ablative plural is "fluminibus"? Wait, no, "flumen" is third declension, so ablative plural is "fluminibus"? Wait, the phrase is "in rivers" (plural), so "in" + ablative plural of "flumen". "Flumen" ablative plural: "fluminibus". So "in rivers" is "in fluminibus".

Step2: Write the translation

So the translation is "in fluminibus".

Step1: Identify preposition and case

The phrase "out of the forest" uses "ex" (with ablative, meaning "out of, from"). "Forest" is "silva", feminine, ablative singular: "silvae"? Wait, "silva, silvae, f. - forest", so ablative singular is "silvae"? Wait, first declension: ablative singular is "-ā", so "silva" ablative singular is "silvā". Wait, "silva" is first declension, so ablative singular is "silvā". So "out of the forest" is "ex silvā".

Step2: Write the translation

So the translation is "ex silvā".

Answer:

ab arbore

Question 2