demonstrate understanding
1. create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.
2. describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.
3. classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical property.
a. iron and oxygen form rust.
b. iron is more dense than aluminum.
c. magnesium burns brightly when ignited.
d. oil and water do not mix.
e. mercury melts at −39°c.

Question

demonstrate understanding
1. create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.
2. describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.
3. classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical property.
   a. iron and oxygen form rust.
   b. iron is more dense than aluminum.
   c. magnesium burns brightly when ignited.
   d. oil and water do not mix.
   e. mercury melts at −39°c.

Accepted Answer

### Sub - question 1: Create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Identify the four states of matter
The four common states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
## Step 2: Determine the properties to describe
Properties like shape, volume, particle arrangement, and compressibility are relevant.
## Step 3: Fill in the table
| State of Matter | Shape | Volume | Particle Arrangement | Compressibility |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Solid | Definite | Definite | Closely packed, ordered | Low (negligible) |
| Liquid | Indefinite (takes shape of container) | Definite | Closely packed, less ordered than solid | Low (negligible) |
| Gas | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Far apart, random | High |
| Plasma | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Ions and free electrons, highly energetic | High |

# Answer:
| State of Matter | Shape | Volume | Particle Arrangement | Compressibility |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Solid | Definite | Definite | Closely packed, ordered | Low (negligible) |
| Liquid | Indefinite (takes shape of container) | Definite | Closely packed, less ordered than solid | Low (negligible) |
| Gas | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Far apart, random | High |
| Plasma | Indefinite (fills container) | Indefinite (fills container) | Ions and free electrons, highly energetic | High |

### Sub - question 2: Describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.
# Brief Explanations:
A substance has a uniform and definite composition. It can be an element (composed of one type of atom) or a compound (composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio). Substances have distinct physical and chemical properties that do not vary with the amount or source of the sample (e.g., the melting point of pure water is always $0^{\circ}\text{C}$ at standard pressure). They cannot be separated into simpler components by physical means (like filtration or distillation for mixtures) but can be broken down into elements by chemical means (in the case of compounds).
# Answer:
A substance has a uniform, definite composition (either an element or a compound with fixed - ratio elements), distinct unchanging physical/chemical properties, and can't be separated into simpler components by physical means (but compounds can by chemical means).

### Sub - question 3: Classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical property.
#### a. Iron and oxygen form rust.
# Brief Explanations:
This involves a chemical reaction (formation of a new substance, rust) between iron and oxygen. Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and form new substances.
# Answer:
Chemical property

#### b. Iron is more dense than aluminum.
# Brief Explanations:
Density is a physical property as it can be measured without changing the chemical identity of iron or aluminum. It describes a physical characteristic of the substance.
# Answer:
Physical property

#### c. Magnesium burns brightly when ignited.
# Brief Explanations:
Burning involves a chemical reaction (combustion) where magnesium reacts with oxygen to form new substances. The ability to burn is a chemical property as it relates to the substance's reactivity.
# Answer:
Chemical property

#### d. Oil and water do not mix.
# Brief Explanations:
The miscibility (or lack thereof) of oil and water is a physical property. It can be observed without changing the chemical nature of oil or water (no new substance is formed).
# Answer:
Physical property

#### e. Mercury melts at $- 39^{\circ}\text{C}$.
# Brief Explanations:
Melting point is a physical property as it describes the temperature at which a substance changes its state from solid to liquid, and this process is a physical change (no new substance is formed).
# Answer:
Physical property

Sovi.AI - AI Math Tutor

QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Sub - question 1: Create a table that describes four states of matter in terms of their properties.

Step 1: Identify the four states of matter

Step 2: Determine the properties to describe

Step 3: Fill in the table

Answer:

Sub - question 2: Describe the characteristics that identify a sample of matter as a substance.

State of Matter	Shape	Volume	Particle Arrangement	Compressibility
Liquid	Indefinite (takes shape of container)	Definite	Closely packed, less ordered than solid	Low (negligible)
Gas	Indefinite (fills container)	Indefinite (fills container)	Far apart, random	High
Plasma	Indefinite (fills container)	Indefinite (fills container)	Ions and free electrons, highly energetic	High