Question

1. describe at least three characteristic radiographic changes of ankylosing spondylitis and some common clinical symptoms that may occur. 1. characteristic radiographic changes: 1. sacroiliitis 2. syndesmophytes 3. bamboo spine 4. squaring of vertebral bodies 2. clinical symptoms that may occur: 1. back pain 2. morning stiffness: lasting more than 30 mins 3. reduced spine rom

Explanation:

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Sacroiliitis is inflammation of sacroiliac joints. Syndesmophytes are new bone formations bridging vertebrae. Bamboo - spine is due to extensive syndesmophytes and gives a bamboo - like appearance. Squaring of vertebral bodies is also a change. Back pain, morning stiffness over 30 minutes and reduced range of motion (ROM) of spine are common symptoms.

Answer:

1. Characteristic radiographic changes:

• Sacroiliitis
• Syndesmophytes
• Bamboo spine
• Squaring of vertebral bodies

1. Clinical symptoms that may occur:

• Back pain
• Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 mins
• Reduced spine ROM