a. describe what is government?
b. make inferences why do you think larger complex communities require larger and more complex governments?
2. a. identify what are the four characteristics of a state?
b. make inferences what might happen if a state is not recognized by other states?
3. a. summarize what are the major functions of government?
b. rate which function of government do you think is most important? explain.
4. a. explain how is natural law related to natural rights?
b. compare how do hobbes, locke, and rousseau understand the state of nature and the social contract differently?

Question

Accepted Answer

### 1a
# Brief Explanations:
A government is an institution with the authority to make and enforce laws, manage a territory, provide public services, and maintain order, representing the will of a state's people (or a ruling group) to govern society.
# Answer:
A government is an institution with authority to make/enforce laws, manage territory, provide public services, and maintain order, governing a society.

### 1b
# Brief Explanations:
Larger complex communities have more diverse needs (e.g., infrastructure, justice, welfare), more people to govern, and varied interests. A larger, complex government can allocate resources, regulate, and address these diverse demands effectively, unlike smaller, simpler governance.
# Answer:
Larger complex communities have diverse needs, more people, and varied interests. A larger, complex government can allocate resources, regulate, and address these demands effectively.

### 2a
# Brief Explanations:
A state has four characteristics: 1) **Population** (people living within its territory), 2) **Territory** (defined land/area), 3) **Sovereignty** (supreme authority to govern itself), 4) **Government** (institution to exercise authority over the population and territory).
# Answer:
The four characteristics of a state are population (people), territory (defined area), sovereignty (self - governing authority), and government (institution to rule).

### 2b
# Brief Explanations:
If a state is not recognized by others, it may lack diplomatic relations, face trade barriers, struggle for international aid/protection, and have limited ability to participate in global organizations (e.g., UN). Its legitimacy in global affairs is questioned, affecting its security and economy.
# Answer:
A non - recognized state may lack diplomatic ties, face trade barriers, struggle for aid/protection, and have limited global participation, with its legitimacy and security/economy affected.

### 3a
# Brief Explanations:
Major government functions include: 1) **Maintaining Order** (enforce laws, prevent crime), 2) **Providing Services** (e.g., education, healthcare, infrastructure), 3) **Providing Security** (defend against external threats, ensure internal safety), 4) **Making Economic Decisions** (regulate trade, manage resources, support growth).
# Answer:
Major government functions: maintain order (enforce laws), provide services (e.g., education), provide security (defend), and make economic decisions (regulate trade).

### 3b
# Brief Explanations:
(Example: Maintaining order) It is most important because without order, crime and chaos would prevail, making it impossible to provide services, ensure security, or have economic stability. A stable society needs law and order as a foundation.
# Answer:
(Example) Maintaining order is most important. Without it, crime/chaos would prevent service provision, security, or economic stability.

### 4a
# Brief Explanations:
Natural law (moral principles inherent in nature, discoverable by reason) underlies natural rights (rights people have by nature, e.g., life, liberty). Natural law theory holds that natural rights exist because of natural law—these rights are moral, universal, and protected by the principles of natural law.
# Answer:
Natural law (inherent moral principles) underlies natural rights (e.g., life, liberty); natural law theory says natural rights exist due to natural law, as moral/universal rights.

### 4b
# Brief Explanations:
- **Hobbes**: State of nature is chaotic (war of all against all). Social contract: people give up all rights to a strong ruler (Leviathan) for security.
- **Locke**: State of nature has natural rights (life, liberty, property), but lacks order. Social contract: people form government to protect rights; can overthrow it if it fails.
- **Rousseau**: State of nature is free, peaceful; society corrupts people. Social contract: people agree to a "general will" for the common good, with direct democracy.
# Answer:
- Hobbes: State of nature = chaos; social contract = give rights to strong ruler for security.
- Locke: State of nature = has natural rights, lacks order; social contract = government protects rights, can be overthrown.
- Rousseau: State of nature = free/peaceful; social contract = "general will" for common good, direct democracy.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

1a

Answer:

1b