Question

to determine how satisfied patients are with the services they have received, a hospital contacts a sample of 1,524 patients via email. the patients are presented with a survey to complete, and 183 patients complete and return the survey. this illustrates something called
a nonsampling error because some patients refused to cooperate by completing the survey.
an undercoverage error because the hospital missed an opportunity to survey all patients.
a standard error because the number of patients who completed the survey will have an impact on variability.
a sampling error because not all patients were contacted by the hospital.
a margin of error because the sample responses will only approximate what is going on in the population.

Explanation:

Nonsampling error occurs when data collection issues like non - response (patients refusing to cooperate) are present. Undercoverage is about not including parts of the population in the sampling frame. Standard error relates to sampling variability. Sampling error is due to sampling a subset instead of the whole population. Margin of error is about the range of values around a sample estimate. Here, the non - cooperation of some patients in completing the survey is a nonsampling error.

Answer:

a nonsampling error because some patients refused to cooperate by completing the survey.