Question

from dna to protein practice:
transcribe the dna strand into the mrna and then translate the mrna strand into the corresponding amino
acid using the provided codon chart then, determine which protein will result from the amino acid sequence
using the protein chart below. *see the abbreviations reference chart next to the protein chart to help you.
#1.
#2.
#3.

Explanation:

Step1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA (Q1)

Base pairing: T→A, A→U, G→C, C→G
DNA: T A G G G G C C C A A A T T T
mRNA: $\text{U A C C C C G G G U U U A A A}$

Step2: Group mRNA into codons (Q1)

Split into 3-base codons:
$\text{UAC, CCC, GGG, UUU, AAA}$

Step3: Translate codons to amino acids (Q1)

Use standard codon table:
UAC = Tyrosine (Tyr), CCC = Proline (Pro), GGG = Glycine (Gly), UUU = Phenylalanine (Phe), AAA = Lysine (Lys)
Amino acid sequence: $\text{tyr-pro-gly-phe-lys}$
*Correction note: Matching to provided protein chart, recheck transcription/translation for exact match:
Revised Step1 (Q1): DNA T A G G G G C C C A A A T T T → mRNA A U C C C C G G G U U U A A A (DNA template strand: mRNA is complementary, so T pairs with A, A pairs with U, G pairs with C, C pairs with G; correction: DNA is template, so mRNA is antiparallel: first DNA T → A, A→U, G→C, G→C, G→C, G→C, C→G, C→G, C→G, A→U, A→U, A→U, T→A, T→A, T→A
Correct mRNA: $\text{A U C C C C G G G U U U A A A}$
Codons: AUC, CCC, GGG, UUU, AAA
Amino acids: Ile (AUC), Pro (CCC), Gly (GGG), Phe (UUU), Lys (AAA) → $\text{ile-pro-gly-phe-lys}$

Step4: Match to protein chart (Q1)

Sequence matches Protein C.

---

Step1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA (Q2)

DNA: T A T G G T G A T G T G T A G
mRNA: $\text{A U A C C A C U A C A C A U C}$

Step2: Group mRNA into codons (Q2)

Split into 3-base codons:
$\text{AUA, CCA, CUA, CAC, AUC}$

Step3: Translate codons to amino acids (Q2)

AUA = Isoleucine (Ile), CCA = Proline (Pro), CUA = Leucine (Leu), CAC = Histidine (His), AUC = Isoleucine (Ile)
Amino acid sequence: $\text{ile-pro-leu-his-ile}$

Step4: Match to protein chart (Q2)

Sequence matches Protein B.

---

Step1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA (Q3)

DNA: A A C G G T C C A T G G C A G
mRNA: $\text{U U G C C A G G U A C C G U C}$

Step2: Group mRNA into codons (Q3)

Split into 3-base codons:
$\text{UUG, CCA, GGU, ACC, GUC}$

Step3: Translate codons to amino acids (Q3)

UUG = Leucine (Leu), CCA = Proline (Pro), GGU = Glycine (Gly), ACC = Threonine (Thr), GUC = Valine (Val)
Amino acid sequence: $\text{leu-pro-gly-thr-val}$

Step4: Match to protein chart (Q3)

Sequence matches Protein E.

Answer:

#1.

DNA	T	A	G	G	G	G	C	C	C	A	A	A	T	T	T
Amino Acid	Isoleucine (Ile)		Proline (Pro)		Glycine (Gly)		Phenylalanine (Phe)		Lysine (Lys)
Protein	Protein C

#2.

DNA	T	A	T	G	G	T	G	A	T	G	T	G	T	A	G
Amino Acid	Isoleucine (Ile)		Proline (Pro)		Leucine (Leu)		Histidine (His)		Isoleucine (Ile)
Protein	Protein B

#3.

DNA	A	A	C	G	G	T	C	C	A	T	G	G	C	A	G
Amino Acid	Leucine (Leu)		Proline (Pro)		Glycine (Gly)		Threonine (Thr)		Valine (Val)
Protein	Protein E